These are books in conversation with other books. – Brian Toews

They explore the unique method of contextuality and montage that Toews employs to illustrate the conversations between the books of the Old Testament. This perspective encourages readers to see biblical wisdom as a living dialogue, illuminating the path to understanding God and pursuing wisdom in life's complexities.

Thanks to our friends at McGahan Publishing House, we are pleased to offer a copy of Brian’s book, Voices of the Sages, to our listeners. Enter here to win!

We need someone who not only teaches us the truth and shows us the glories of the gospel of grace, but who will also warn us in no uncertain terms about subtle ways and significant ways in which we can be led [off the path]. – Jeff Stivason

Tune in for Part 10 in this fascinating discussion of this Christian classic.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to offer two copies of Theoretical-Practical Theology, Volume 5 to our listeners. Enter here to win. 

Show Notes

To access previous episodes with Todd Rester, click the links below:

Volume 1: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/theoretical-practical-theology-podcast/

Volume 2: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/theoretical-practical-theology-vol-ii/

Volume 3: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/the-works-of-god-and-the-fall-of-man-podcast/

Volume 4: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/redemption-in-christ/

In the state of glory, your will will be so immutably perfected for good alone that it would be wrong not to do all that is in your heart. – James Dolezal

The ability to only choose your good and not what's bad for you is actually more free. – Jonathan Master

Join us as we unpack the theological implications of this concept and what it means for our understanding of freedom in the state of grace versus the state of glory.

Show Notes

We recorded another episode on free will back in 2021 that you may want to listen to if you enjoyed this podcast: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/free-will-fact-or-misconception-podcast/

On this episode of Theology on the Go, Jonathan and James engage in a heartfelt conversation with David and Barbara Lehman, authors of Hosannas Forever: Hymns of Heaven and Our Pilgrimage. In Hosannas Forever, David and Barbara include 52 hymns about heaven that speak to the trials, longings, and sufferings we’re facing. Each hymn is introduced with a brief biography of the author who penned the lyrics and a biography of the melody’s composer, followed by a devotional summary.

Today, they discuss the importance of hymns in Christian worship and how these songs can deepen our understanding of faith and hope, particularly in relation to heaven. 

Unless the saints continually focus on the eternal, we will wrongly prioritize the temporal. – David Leeman

Join us as we explore the rich history of hymns, the stories behind them, and their role in guiding our hearts toward the eternal.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Moody Publishing, we are pleased to award Larry B. from Bordentown, NJ and Ben L. from Riverside, OH a copy of Hosannas Forever!

Show Notes

To check out other hymn books and resources by David & Barbara Leeman, go to https://hosannahymnals.com/

Depression is not a monster that can do with us anything that it will. Depression is something that can be broken and that brokenness can come through the Word of God. – Jeff Stivason

With an emphasis on the power of God's promises, this episode offers a profound reflection on the human experience of suffering and the hope that the believer has in the midst of it.

But never fear, Jonathan and James are pleased to welcome Michael Morales back to the podcast to continue where he left off when he was a guest late last year. A professor of Biblical Studies at Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary, Michael returns to discuss the second volume of his commentary on the Book of Numbers. In his new 2-volume commentary, Michael carefully demonstrates the ongoing relevance of Numbers, its positive vision for life, and the surprising challenge it offers to contemporary Christians. 

Today, their discussion focuses on Numbers 20-36, including the significance of Balaam's oracles, the role of Jewish sources in understanding the text, and the poignant moments in Moses' leadership. Join us as we uncover the rich narratives and themes that shape this lesser-studied section of the Pentateuch.

Thanks to the generosity of Wiley Press, we are pleased to award two copies of Michael Morales’ Numbers Commentary, Volume 2 to our listeners. Congratulations to David H. from Cody, WY and Wes K. from Great Falls, VA! 

We should never lose hope, despite the nitty gritty day to day experience in the Church of Christ. – Palmer Robertson

This conversation is a profound exploration of how Scripture anticipates Christ and the implications for the church today.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at P&R Publishing, we are pleased to award two copies of Christ of the Consummation: A New Testament Biblical Theology, Volume 2: The Testimony of Acts and Paul to our listeners. Congratulations to Rebecca K. from Douglassville, PA and Daniel B. from Wooster, OH!

Show Notes:

Christ of the Consummation, Volume 1: https://www.prpbooks.com/book/christ-of-the-consummation-volume-1-the-testimony-of-the-four-gospels

Christ of the Consummation, Volume 2:

https://www.prpbooks.com/book/christ-of-the-consummation-a-new-testament-biblical-theology-volume-2

The church is woven into the fabric of biblical revelation from start to finish. – Guy Waters

Their discussion revolves around the premise that understanding the church's foundation can clarify its practices and mission today. Don’t miss this interesting and practical conversation. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Lexham Press, we are pleased to award a copy of One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church: The Biblical Doctrine of the Church to our listener, Ben W. from Fresno, CA. Congratulations Ben!

Show Notes:

How Jesus Runs the Church by Guy Waters

Sometimes, God gives his people a foretaste of heaven; he gives them periods of rest in this life, and special extraordinary nourishment…and we would wish that the river of life would run hard by the way all the way to heaven, and yet as we know, it doesn’t. Sometimes the years are fat, and sometimes they’re lean, but we’re called to faithfulness and to trust and to continue our sojourn no matter what. – James Dolezal

After this time of rest, they come to a path through By-path Meadow, at which point they decide to follow the easier-looking route, but challenges await them. 

There’s a false contentment in seeking ease at the expense of truth. – Jeff Stivason

Join us as we discuss the cautionary tale of By-ends and his encounter at Hill Lucre, explore the dangers of pursuing worldly success at the expense of spiritual truth, and reflect on the ups and downs of life’s journey. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Banner Publishing, we are pleased to award a copy of John Bunyan's classic work, The Pilgrim's Progress, to our listener, Janet K. from Sea Girt, NJ!

Zanchi is very concerned in this work to be catholic, to be connected to what Craig Carter would call the great tradition. – Patrick O'Banion

Discover the historical context of Zanchi's writings, his theological insights, and the enduring relevance of his work in today's ecclesiastical landscape.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to award to our listeners a couple of copies of Girolamo Zanchi's Confession of the Christian Religion, translated by Patrick O'Banion. Congratulations to John D. from Danville, PA and Mary S. from Bluff Dale, TX!

Show Notes:

An earlier episode on Girolamo Zanchi: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/the-spiritual-marriage-between-christ-and-his-church-podcast/

Jonathan and James sit down for a one-on-one discussion today to discuss the life and work of Puritan author Obadiah Grew, particularly his classic book, The Lord Our Righteousness. They explore the essential Christian doctrine of Christ as the righteousness of sinners before God, diving into themes of justification, imputed righteousness, and the distinctions between Protestant and Roman Catholic theology. 

The righteousness that justifies a sinner is not in nor of himself. – Obadiah Grew

The grace that God works into our lives by his Spirit uniting us to Christ is the fruit of our justification, not the root of it. – James Dolezal

With a focus on the significance of Christ's sinless nature and his role in our redemption, this episode offers a rich exploration of theological truths vital for all believers. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to offer to our listeners a couple of copies of Obadiah Grew's The Lord Our Righteousness. Enter here to win. 

You could think of the Ten Commandments sort of like a mold into which every individual Christian is poured and that is how God forms us into the image of Christ, into a greater likeness to our Savior. – Stephen Spinnenweber

The conversation examines the significance of the law in a Christian's life, addressing common misconceptions and highlighting the goodness of God's law.

The law sends us to the gospel for our justification. The gospel sends us to the law to frame our way of life. – Stephen Spinnenwebber

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Christian Focus Publications, we are pleased to award two of our listeners a copy of Stephen's book, Loving the Law: The Law of God in the Life of the Believer. Congratulations to Robert B. from Linden, CA and Cristian Z. from Miami, FL! 

A good creed will positively state orthodoxy such that a myriad of false teachings are sort of slain in one paragraph. – James Dolezal

Tune in as they examine the theological debates surrounding the nature of Christ and the relationship between the Father and the Son. Discover why this council was crucial for the formation of Christian doctrine and how its implications resonate with us today. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Crossway Books, we are pleased to award a copy of Scott Swain’s book, The Trinity: An Introduction. Congratulations Rob M. from Lachute, Quebec!

Show Notes:

If you live in the Sacramento, California area, check out this conference taking place September 19-20 at which James Dolezal and Fred Sanders will be exploring the history and significance of the Nicene Creed in greater detail. https://alliancenet.org/event/scg25/

Nicene Creed

I believe in one God, the Father Almighty, Maker of heaven and earth, and of all things visible and invisible.

And in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only-begotten Son of God, begotten of the Father before all worlds; God of God, Light of Light, very God of very God; begotten, not made, being of one substance with the Father, by whom all things were made.

Who, for us men and for our salvation, came down from heaven, and was incarnate by the Holy Spirit of the virgin Mary, and was made man; and was crucified also for us under Pontius Pilate; He suffered and was buried; and the third day He rose again, according to the Scriptures; and ascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of the Father; and He shall come again, with glory, to judge the quick and the dead; whose kingdom shall have no end.

And I believe in the Holy Ghost, the Lord and Giver of Life; who proceeds from the Father and the Son; who with the Father and the Son together is worshipped and glorified; who spoke by the prophets.

And I believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. I acknowledge one baptism for the remission of sins; and I look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come.

Amen.

A man that takes up religion for the world will throw away religion for the world. – Jeff Stivason

Tune in as they explore the significance of these themes and their relevance for believers today!

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Banner Publishing, we are pleased to award a couple of copies of John Bunyan's classic work, The Pilgrim's Progress, to Ryan G. from Carlisle, PA!

I just encourage people to lay all that aside, forget everything they think they know and have ever heard and all the little quips and sounds bites, here, there and floating everywhere, and just go back and read the Puritans, and recognize that when it comes to their approach to the Christian life, the starting point… is this: Theology is the science of living blessedly forever. It might surprise people to discover that the Puritans end up being the opposite of what they are often perceived to be. – Stephen Yuille

Tune in and reconsider your own views as we explore the rise of Puritanism in England, its theological significance, and its implications for personal piety today. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to award a couple of copies of John Owen’s Freedom from Sin’s Dominion to our listeners: Brian Z. from Manhattan, KS and Jonathan S. from St. Augustine, FL!

Show Notes:

Stephen Yuille recommended the Puritan Treasures for Today for listeners. Specifically, these would be great books to start with.

A Perfect Redeemer by William Perkins

The Fountain of Life by John Flavel

The Blessed and Boundless God by George Swinnock (Stephen’s personal favorite)

In today’s discussion, they explore the challenges posed by social trinitarianism and its implications for contemporary theology, emphasizing the importance of returning to the Nicene understanding of the Trinity. 

The Trinity is not “relevant”; it is the foundation of our faith and understanding of God. – Matthew Barrett

Matthew shares insights on the historical context, the relevance of classical theism, and the foundational pre-commitments necessary for a robust understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity. 

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at IVP Academic, we are pleased to award a copy of On Classical Trinitarianism: Retrieving the Nicene Doctrine of the Triune God to one of our listeners. Congratulations Christine P. from Stockton Springs, ME!

In this episode of Theology on the Go, Jonathan and James engage in a thought-provoking discussion about the significance of philosophy for Christians. Delving into the relationship between philosophy and theology, they explore how philosophical inquiry can enhance our understanding of faith, truth, and the world around us. 

Good philosophy, even if in the hands of a pagan, is actually the ally of the Christian who loves truth and loves divine wisdom. – James Dolezal 

Discover why cultivating a philosophical mindset is essential for defending the truths of Christianity and how it can enrich your theological journey.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to award two copies of James Dolezal’s book, All That Is In God, to our listeners: Mitchell W. from Crowley, TX and Ryan C . from Glendale, AZ.

If we don’t look at our wives and our children and the things that make up our life, like our jobs, our calling even, the things that we would put most value in…if we don’t hold all those things with an empty hand and see them as things that are here today and gone tomorrow like the flowers of the field, then we have all of a sudden allowed things to creep into our thinking that have an opportunity to contest God’s authority in our lives, contest God Himself in our lives. – Jeff Stivason

Today we discuss the challenges faced by the pilgrims Christian and Faithful, and the deeper meanings behind their experiences. Discover how Bunyan's insights remain relevant today, inviting listeners to reflect on their own journeys as they navigate the temptations of the world.

Are we living in Vanity Fair as pilgrims, or are we making it our home? – Jonathan Master

Divine incomprehensibility is a theological term to describe a feeling that a lot of listeners have probably felt before. – Ronni Kurtz

Ronnie shares insights on how this doctrine has shaped theological thought throughout history, reminding us that theologians in all ages have wrestled with what we can and cannot say about God

My book is just a long lesson in humility. – Ronni Kurtz

Thanks to the generosity of IVP Academic, we are pleased to award a couple copies of Ronni Kurtz’s book, Light Unapproachable, to our listeners. Congratulations to David R. from Williamsburg, VA and Ryan S. from Jordan Station, Ontario!

Show Notes:

Ronni’s book: https://www.ivpress.com/light-unapproachable

…John Knox, as the reformer of Scotland, as it were, is one of the most important, I would argue, theologians that the West has ever produced, and a lot of people don't think of him that way. – Jacob Tanner

Together, they discuss why Knox remains a pivotal figure in Protestant theology and how his principles of resistance and obedience to God resonate in today's world. Join us for an enlightening conversation about faith, public witness, and the power of prayer.

Thanks to the generosity of Founders Press, we are pleased to award a couple copies of Jacob Tanner’s book, Resist Tyrants, Obey God to our listeners. Congratulations to Kerri P. from Marion, TX and Kyle A. from Clarksville, IN!

Show Notes:

To view Jacob Tanner’s books: https://press.founders.org/?s=jacob+tanner

Jonathan and James explore the profound topic of suffering and its essential role in spiritual growth in this episode of Theology on the Go. Drawing from Jonathan's insightful article, "Suffering Matters," published in TableTalk Magazine, the discussion delves into how suffering can lead to greater faith and reliance on God. 

Suffering is absolutely essential to the Christian life, and it is one of the primary means – biblically speaking – that the Lord uses to cause us to grow. – Jonathan Master

With biblical references and personal anecdotes, the hosts unpack the counterintuitive idea that suffering can be a source of joy and strength in the Christian life. 

Once you recognize that God is charge of everything in your life, and that nothing happens apart from his control, apart from his divine wisdom mapping this all out, and you couple that with confidence in his divine goodness and his fatherly care, then you realize that actually, these things…are designed for my ultimate good. – Jonathan Master 

Listen as they address the complexities of suffering, how it produces change in us, and how our suffering ultimately points to the suffering of Christ.

Show Notes:

Jonathan’s article from TableTalk Magazine: https://tabletalkmagazine.com/daily-study/2024/05/suffering-matters/

It's a unique book in the way in which it argues for us to be alert to the fact that all of life is spiritual warfare, and that in that spiritual warfare, which he considers on multiple levels, we are well-equipped… – Chad Van Dixhoorn

Tune in to this insightful conversation that dives into Arrowsmith's insights on theological errors, the importance of prayer, and how his narrative approach sets him apart from his contemporaries. 

Thanks to our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we are pleased to award a couple of copies of Plans for Holy War to our listeners. Congratulations David M. from Independence, MO and Ron G. from Bluffton, IN!

The new birth or regeneration means a radical transformation promised in the Bible. – Jonathan Master

Explore how this doctrine challenges superficial religious practices and highlights the need for a genuine heart change through the Holy Spirit. 

Cleaning yourself up religiously isn't going to cut it. – James Dolezal

Thank you to our friends at P&R Publishing, we are pleased to award a couple of copies of You Must Be Born Again, written by our very own Jonathan Master, to Denise W. from Oley, PA and Carey P. from Plano, TX! 

Show Notes:

You Must Be Born Again

https://reformedresources.org/you-must-be-born-again-hardcover/

Job is a picture of the Gospel where a blameless and upright man is humbled to the point of death and then exalted after that. – C.J. Williams

In Job, we find that the hardships of life are a call to humble ourselves, worship, and draw near to the Savior who suffered for us. As we put our trust in him, we discover that the sufferings of this life cannot compare to the glory that God has in store for us. 

Thank you to our friends at Crown & Covenant, we are pleased to award two copies of The Shadow of Christ in the Book of Job to our listeners, Jennifer A. from San Diego, CA and Rob D. from Madison, WI!

Show Notes:

The Shadow of Christ in the Book of Job

https://crownandcovenant.com/products/the-shadow-of-christ-in-the-book-of-job-c-c-update

Two things really jump out at me as I read this…Bunyan recognizes that there are differences in the ways in which Christians are tempted, the ways in which therefore they are comforted and find hope, and that's a profound insight… This conversation with Faithful serves such an important purpose because it shows two men, walking the same pilgrim journey, yet in one sense experiencing it very differently. – Jonathan Master

Don't miss this enlightening, instructive discussion!

For the opportunity to win a copy of The Pilgrim’s Progress, thanks to the generosity of Banner of Truth, enter here. 

Show Notes:

The Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/the-pilgrims-progress-clothbound/

Pictures from Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/pictures-from-pilgrims-progress-paperback/

Previous episodes in The Pilgrim’s Progress book series:

• Episode 1: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-xagb6-15a7cd1
• Episode 2: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-yd3a6-15e351c
• Episode 3: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-etvjk-16d1999
• Episode 4: https://theologyonthego.podbean.com/e/the-pilgrims-progress-part-4/

This is the volume that Christ's church needs today because it addresses these matters of worship of God and conduct of life in the church. – David Chanski

Volume 3 is a treasure trove for pastors, offering guidance on various aspects of ministry, from worship and church government to counseling and the conduct of weddings and funerals. David shares his experiences and highlights the practical applications of Dr. Martin's teachings, emphasizing the importance of the church of Christ bearing fruit. Join us for a discussion that explores the depth and breadth of pastoral duties from the wisdom of a seasoned pastor.

Thanks to the generosity of Trinity Book Service, we are pleased to award a copy of the 3-volume set, Pastoral Theology - The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin to Jonathan G. from Eagle, FL. Congratulations!

Show Notes:

Pastoral Theology – The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin

https://www.trinitybookservice.com/pastoral-theology-the-man-of-god-three-volume-set/

Trinity Book Service is also pleased to offer our listeners a 10% discount off of Albert Martin’s 3-volume set. Just go to the Trinity Book Service website and enter the code PTAM at checkout for a 10% discount off the regular low price per volume (which results in a net price of 40% off the list price)!

I don't want to show people how much I know. I just want to help them to understand what the Bible is saying. – David Chanski

The art of delivery is also addressed extensively in Martin's work, and he shares how to overcome common pitfalls in pulpit mannerisms that may be a distraction to members of the congregation. 

It's like a good friend coming alongside of you, putting his arm around your shoulder, and saying, "Hey, can I make some suggestions on how you present yourself to people in a way that would help that presentation be more effective because it's perhaps less offensive or distracting?"…I like the fact that Pastor Martin risks giving offense here to address some of those issues that often people are thinking them, they're just not saying them. – James Dolezal

From the most seasoned preacher to the new pastor just starting out, the issues discussed in this episode and addressed in Volume 2 are invaluable. 

Thanks to the generosity of Trinity Book Service, we are pleased to award a copy of the 3-volume set, Pastoral Theology - The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin to our listener, Dale A. from Loris, SC. Congratulations, Dale!

Show Notes:

Pastoral Theology – The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin

https://www.trinitybookservice.com/pastoral-theology-the-man-of-god-three-volume-set/

Trinity Book Service is also pleased to offer our listeners a 10% discount off of Albert Martin’s 3-volume set. Just go to the Trinity Book Service website and enter the code PTAM at checkout for a 10% discount off the regular low price per volume (which results in a net price of 40% off the list price)!

Jonathan and James are honored to be joined by David Chanski, Pastor Martin’s successor at Trinity Baptist Church and his stepson, to discuss this monumental work. Discover the significance of discerning a true call to ministry, the character, and spiritual formation necessary for a pastor, and the invaluable insights these books provide for both current and aspiring ministers. And be sure to tune in for the next two episodes of this series!

A sustained effectiveness in pastoral ministry will generally be realized in direct proportion to the health and vigor of the redeemed humanity of the man of God. – Albert Martin

Thanks to the generosity of Trinity Book Service, we are pleased to award a copy of the 3-volume set, Pastoral Theology - The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin to Daniel T. from Waxhaw, NC!

Show Notes:

Pastoral Theology – The Man of God: His Calling and Godly Life by Albert Martin

https://www.trinitybookservice.com/pastoral-theology-the-man-of-god-three-volume-set/

Trinity Book Service is also graciously offering our listeners a 10% discount off of Albert Martin’s 3-volume set. Just go to the Trinity Book Service website and enter the code PTAM at checkout for a 10% discount off the regular low price per volume (which results in a net savings of 40% off the list price)!

The person who is hurt the most by the church is the one who loves her the best, and that's Jesus Christ. And even knowing the failures of his followers and future leaders in the church, he still says to his disciples, says to his believers, says to Christians, that church is the place to be. -- Jonathan Cruse

Based on his new book, Church Membership, Jonathan Cruse addresses common objections and highlights the importance of commitment, accountability, and spiritual growth within the church community. 

I'm not a joiner. But this is the one thing which I've always felt: I must be joined in membership to the local church. This is that one thing where membership is a must and membership matters. I think people are members of all sorts of things right now but that membership has such low-level obligations that it's just easy to transfer that mentality over into the church as well. – James Dolezal

Two of our listeners will receive a copy Church Membership, thanks to the generosity of P&R Publishing. Congratulations to Jeff K. from Douglassville, PA and Kadeem G. from Decatur, GA!

Show Notes:

Church Membership by Jonathan Landry Cruse

https://reformedresources.org/church-membership-hardcover/

Your choices matter. You have real agency, real responsibility to choose wisely. – William Boekestein

Today, Jonathan and James sit down with Bill to discuss his insightful new book, Finding My Vocation: A Guide for Young People Seeking a Calling, and the everyday challenges young people face, including apathy, ambivalence, anxiety, and ambition. How can Scripture guide us in understanding God's sovereignty and our responsibility to make wise decisions about our future?

God does the calling and the appointing. He has a plan that is good for his children. – William Boekestein

This episode offers valuable advice for anyone – young and old alike – grappling with questions of vocation and purpose.

Congratulations to Kyle A. from Clarksville, IN who was selected to receive a copy of Finding My Vocation: A Guide for Young People Seeking a Calling," thanks to the generosity of Reformed Free Publishing!

Show Notes:

Finding My Vocation by William Boekestein

https://reformedresources.org/finding-my-vocation-a-guide-for-young-people-seeking-a-calling-paperback/

We want to just keep underscoring this point, I think in this episode, is the importance of the church, the importance of Christian fellowship as we walk our pilgrimage as followers of the Lord Jesus Christ. – Jonathan Master

Discover how Christian fellowship, pastoral guidance, and the journey through the Valley of Humiliation and the Shadow of Death form a cohesive unit in Bunyan's timeless work. This episode provides deep insights into the importance of the church, the role of pastors, and the transformative power of Christian conversations.

We should be encouraging each other to articulate the hope that we have – not just what we left or what we fled or how we used to be, but what we’re aiming at now, so that we can encourage each other to press on. – James Dolezal

For the opportunity to win a copy of The Pilgrim’s Progress, thanks to the generosity of Banner of Truth, enter here. 

Show Notes:

The Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/the-pilgrims-progress-clothbound/

Pictures from Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/pictures-from-pilgrims-progress-paperback/

Previous episodes in The Pilgrim’s Progress book series:

Episode 1: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-xagb6-15a7cd1

Episode 2: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-yd3a6-15e351c

Episode 3: https://www.podbean.com/ew/pb-etvjk-16d1999

Jesus is the only man who was ever purely human in the unalloyed sense of being not corrupted in his mind or his will. In that respect, if we want to look for a blueprint of what is true man and then also what true man ought to be, then he is right, we ought to be looking to Christ for that. – James Dolezal 

Michael purports that Chalcedonian Christology offers a unique perspective on human ontology, distinguishing itself from other anthropological models. This episode offers a fresh perspective on human nature, challenging contemporary models and inviting us to look to Christ for clarity.

Thanks to the generosity of Lexham Academic, we are pleased to award two copies of Crowned with Glory and Honor: A Chalcedonian Anthropology by Michael Wilkinson to our listeners. Congratulations to John R. from Winoka, MN and Kevin E. from Edison, NJ!

The wondrous reality that’s going on in those early chapters of Numbers is God is creating this earthly host, this entourage, among whom He’s going to dwell and with whom He’s going to sojourn. - Michael Morales

They then touch on James’ favorite topic of angels and cherubim, the significance of the wilderness sojourn, and the Old Testament motifs of prophet, priest, and king that culminate in the Lord Jesus Christ. Michael’s Numbers Commentary will be an excellent and relevant resource for Bible students and pastors.

Thanks to the generosity of Wiley Publishing, a division of Intervarsity Press, we are pleased to award a copy of Numbers 1-19 (Apollos Old Testament Commentary) by L. Michael Morales to one of our listeners. Congratulations to Joshua C. from Anoka, MN!

Show Notes:

https://www.alliancenet.org/giving-tuesday

Those opening chapters are not simply packing up to go on a journey, it's really what the entire meeting with God at Sinai has been about. And so you get the creation of the covenant community – the first time in history God dwelling literally in the midst of His people…that became the linchpin. Then I realized the rest of the book is analyzing this thing that we call "covenant community." – Michael Morales

Together, they discuss the concept of the covenant community, the significance of the Tabernacle, and how the structure of the camp reveals deeper theological truths about communion with God. Tune in to hear about the ongoing relevance of Numbers, its positive vision for life, and the surprising challenge it offers to contemporary Christians. 

Thanks to the generosity of Wiley Publishing, a division of Intervarsity Press, we are pleased to award a copy of Numbers 1-19 (Apollos Old Testament Commentary) by L. Michael Morales to Rob M. from Lachute, Quebec. Congratulations! 

Show Notes:

https://www.alliancenet.org/giving-tuesday

Every generation has to own the teaching of Scripture in order to pass it on to future generations. We can’t just assume it. We have to own it. – J.V. Fesko

Through a combination of biblical, historical, and theological study, Fesko illuminates the blessing of God’s presence with his people. This episode is a rich discussion for anyone interested in deepening their understanding of the Holy Spirit's work in salvation.

"The Old Testament interpretation of itself set the course for the New Testament interpretation of the Old Testament." – Gary Schnittjer

How to Study the Bible's Use of the Bible is a model for students to ground hermeneutics in biblical evidence and provide insight into understanding why the Bible's use of the Bible is essential. After this conversation, Jonathan even comes around to Gary's point of view.

"You've opened my heart to the study of hermeneutics with this book, and so I owe you a great debt of gratitude." – Jonathan Master

Thanks to the generosity of Zondervan Academic, we were pleased to award two copies of How to Study the Bible's Use of the Bible by Gary Schnittjer and Matthew Harmon. Congratulations to Rhett D. from Hudson, OH and Juliet F. from Langhorne, PA!

Show Notes:

How to Study the Bible's Use of the Bible: Seven Hermeneutical Choices for the Old and New Testaments by Gary Schnittjer and Matthew Harmon

https://www.amazon.com/How-Study-Bibles-Bible-Hermeneutical/dp/0310142458

Videos associated with the book: https://masterlectures.zondervanacademic.com/products/how-to-study-the-bible-s-use-of-the-bible

Bookending this whole section is…the importance of the Church, the importance of Christian fellowship as we walk our pilgrimage as followers of Jesus Christ. – Jonathan Master

This episode provides deep insights into the importance of the Church, the role of pastors, and the transformative power of Christian fellowship. Don’t miss it! And if you’re following along, plan to read through the Valley of Humiliation and Into the Valley of the Shadow of Death for next time.

Show Notes:

The Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/the-pilgrims-progress-clothbound/

Pictures from Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/pictures-from-pilgrims-progress-paperback/

Imagine arriving at a movie fifteen minutes late, and you're all excited to settle in to see the movie, and very quickly realize, "I don't get it." And that's a little bit of what reading the Bible is like without understanding these first five books. It's the first act in the Bible's grand story of redemption. – Ian Vaillancourt

Ian talks about the books of Moses in an engaging, clear way. He systematically examines the themes of creation, the fall, the exodus, genealogies, and more and how they point to and culminate in Christ and his redemptive work for us.

We are pleased to award two copies of The Dawning of Redemption by Ian Vaillancourt to our faithful listeners, courtesy of Crossway Books. Congratulations Donnie H. from Colorado Springs, CO and Neal Y. from Ashville, AL!

Family worship has been a foundation of faith for many families across many generations, but there are certainly barriers to this practice, including feelings of inadequacy and time restraints. Still, Terry believes these challenges can and should be overcome for the whole family's benefit. 

I think that's part of the attraction of Terry's work on worship is that it's biblical grounded, it's presented in an understandable and reasonable manner, and I think that our listeners who aren't practicing this would be really encouraged to think constructively about the necessity of it. – James Dolezal

We are pleased to award two copies of Understanding Family Worship: Its History, Theology and Practice by Terry Johnson to our listeners, as well as a bonus copy of The Family Worship Book, courtesy of Christian Focus Publications. Congratulations to Tonia W. from Anna, TX and Matthew B. from Manchester, NH!

Show Notes:

The Family Worship Book: https://www.christianfocus.com/products/261/the-family-worship-book

James and Jonathan take a fresh look at this topic, considering the various forms of righteousness and how they apply to our Holy God and, therefore, to us as His redeemed children.

We need to actually say that righteousness is something that God is; it's not simply something that He simply demonstrates through His works, but it's who He is. – Jonathan Master

Take time to meditate on God's righteousness with James and Jonathan as they discuss this important topic. 

We were pleased to award two copies of Everlasting Righteousness; How Shall Men Be Just with God by Horatius Bonar to our listeners, courtesy of Banner of Truth. Congratulations to Lawrence E. from Evansville, WY and Sam V. from Bakersfield, CA!

Show Notes:

James Dolezal’s article on Ligonier: https://www.ligonier.org/learn/articles/god-is-righteous

Donald McKim's book is doing for Bavinck what earlier Dutch Reformed theologians had done for themselves, which is step you into that practical application, and there's nothing unnatural about it. It feels like exactly the next step that you should take. – James Dolezal 

With Bavinck, McKim understands that Christian belief is to be joined with Christian living, and he has given us an excellent practical application of Bavinck's theology.

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at P&R Publishing, we are pleased to award two copies of  Donald McKim's book to our listeners. Congratulations to Brandon H. from Thompsons Station, TN and Alex H. from Cuyahoga Falls, OH!

Show Notes:

Reformed Dogmatics by Herman Bavinck in 4 volumes: http://bakerpublishinggroup.com/books/reformed-dogmatics-4-volumes/291090

Other books by Donald McKim: https://www.prpbooks.com/authors/donald-k-mckim

"I see two things in particular – that it mortifies greed and covetousness, and it teaches us to live by faith. And then of course, it sets our eyes on heaven and laying up treasures in heaven, directing through that our hearts there that God would focus them on him." – Joseph Pipa

When we give faithfully, we and others enjoy blessings as the needs of the church are met at home and throughout the world.

We gave away three copies of Dr. Pipa’s booklet to our listeners. Congratulations Cruz T. from Waco, TX, Jatniel P. from Mansfield, TX, and Jorge M. from Fall River, MA. Thank you Reformation Heritage Books!

Returning guest Geoffrey Thomas joins James and Jonathan today for an inspiring conversation about his new book, Knowing the Cross, in which he investigates God's Word to understand the true meaning of the cross of Christ. How did this instrument of death become a symbol of life? How did the verdict of bad news for Jesus become a declaration of good news for His people? 

"Jesus took my place and bore my condemnation, so now I don't face a tut-tutting God, I don't face a cold welcome, a slightly frowning God who sees me with all the inconsistencies of my life because Jesus Christ has removed every molecule of my guilt, all my shame, all my inadequacies."  – Geoff Thomas 

As James says, "The cross actually means something, and it's not whatever we want it to mean, but it's what the Scripture says it means." Listen as Geoff encourages us to love the cross and God's glorious work through it. 

Congratulations to the following listeners, each of whom won a copy of Knowing the Cross, courtesy of Reformation Heritage Books: John F. from York, PA, Stephen D. from Wheaton, IL, and Jonathan W. from El Paso, TX.

Show Notes:

The Death of Death, by John Owen

"The whole thing is about has Christ done everything necessary that we might have full assurance of God's love and mercy, His grace, and His covenant and faithfulness to us, and the answer is a resounding yes!" – Todd Rester

In addition to learning about various aspects of this book, be sure to tune in to discover how Mastricht's work is still relevant today and was referenced in a recent Alabama Supreme Court ruling!

We awarded away two copies of Theoretical-Practical Theology, Volume 4: Redemption in Christ, courtesy of Reformation Heritage Books. Congratulations to Bobby F. from Oklahoma City, OK and Alexander L. from Jacksonville, TN!

We need to train our minds and train our hearts to be attentive to heaven precisely because that’s the anchor for our souls in many respects when we face these times of great troubles. – Jonathan Master

“Be still, and know that I am God. I will be exalted among the nations, I will be exalted in the earth!” Be encouraged by this reflection of Psalm 46, a balm for our souls. 

Congratulations to Richard R. from Ladysmith, WI and Zach W. from Gold Bar, WA, each of whom will receive a copy of Learning to Love the Psalms by Robert Godfrey, generously provided by Ligonier Ministries. 

“When you think about the Wicket Gate being readiness, when you think about the scroll being assurance, and that whole idea that this is what Christ has done for you. You don’t learn those once, and then your Christian life is made easy because of them. Those are things that you say to yourself repeatedly every day of your life, you know. That’s the Gospel preaching that you do to yourself every day, that you need or you’re not going to last with any sort of vigor or strength.” – Jeffrey Stivason

We hope you enjoy this second installment of our book club as James, Jonathan, and Jeff (J3) discuss the Interpreter’s House through Hill Difficulty. If you’re following along, plan to read Palace Beautiful through the Valley of Despair and Into the Valley of the Shadow of Death for next time.

Congratulations to Anthony H. from New Berlin, WI who won the drawing for a copy of The Pilgrim’s Progress. Thank you, Banner of Truth.

Show Notes:

The Strait Gate by John Bunyan: https://a.co/d/4dgBmk8

Over the years, as the rise of the internet, it’s become much more of a broad discipleship ministry addressing any way that sin has affected our sexuality and our gender, and we’re just seeing more and more the ways that the fall and denial of God as our creator is going in more and more directions with sin. So we want to continue to see how Scripture brings clarity on God’s design but also brings clarity on the hope that we have in Christ. – Mark Sanders

Harvest USA has always been an important ministry, but it is becoming increasingly vital in today’s culture. Tune in to hear more, and check out their website to see what resources are available, including two new online courses, “Raising Sexually Faithful Kids” and “Parenting Boys and Girls in a Gender-Confused World.

Thank you, Harvest USA, for providing two copies of Across the Kitchen Table for our listeners. Congratulations to Sharon B. from Lancaster, PA and Billy C. from Virginia Beach, VA! 

Show Notes:

For more information about Harvest USA and to access their new online courses: https://harvestusa.org/

The creature made in God’s image has the capacity for reflection, for contemplation, for decision making, and so any choice we make about any aspect of our life is a reflection of the image of God in us, and therefore, it is subject to ethical inspection. – T. David Gordon

Tune in to discover how T. David’s five biblical models for making ethical decisions equip believers to think biblically and choose better. And also learn why one of these models has him regularly spending a night sleeping in the forest. You may be inspired to grab a hammock and follow suit!

Amber F. from Langhorne, PA and Brett F. from Ballwin, MO were each chosen to win a copy Choose Better, thanks to the generosity of P&R Publishing!

Show Notes:

Why Johnny Can’t Preach by T. David Gordon:

https://reformedresources.org/why-johnny-cant-preach-paperback/

Colquhoun stands out as being especially indebted to Boston and Erskine and this whole stream of Marrow theology in a way that is unparalleled in the Church of Scotland at the time and really sets up what ends up being this evangelical revival in the Church of Scotland in the early 19th century. – John Biegel 

James and Jonathan are justifiably proud of their former student and commend his book to all, but in particular to anyone who feels the tension between the free offer of the gospel and particular atonement. 

Congratulations to Delano R. from Conway, AR and TH from Soldotna, AK, each of whom won a copy of John’s book, thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books!

Show Notes:

John recommends the following books by John Colquhoun: 

The Covenant of Grace: https://heritagebooks.org/products/the-covenant-of-grace-colquhoun.html

A View of Saving Faith: https://a.co/d/4C2HKUl

A Treatise on the Law and the Gospel*: https://www.heritagebooks.org/products/a-treatise-on-the-law-and-the-gospel-colquhoun-hardcover.html

https://thelawandthegospel.com/Repentance: https://banneroftruth.org/us/store/theology-books/repentance/

The book is something like a one-stop-shop where it’s not just the systematics or just biblical theology. It really brings those two between the same covers, and not just that, but also the practical applications of what this means for our salvation and for our worship of Christ. – James Dolezal

Written from a confessionally Reformed perspective in concert with the great creeds of the church, The Lord Jesus Christ provides a thorough and trustworthy guide to understanding Jesus and his salvific work.

Thanks to the generosity of Lexham Press, we were able to award two copies of Brandon's book to our listeners. Congratulations to Melissa V. from Chevy Chase, MD and Brent B. from Aberdeen, SD!

In this episode, they will discuss the book's first section, from the City of Destruction to the Wicket Gate. So grab your copy of The Pilgrim's Progress (or order one here if you don't own one) and follow along with our knowledgeable and passionate hosts. Jeff believes this book has profoundly impacted his Christian experience, and he highly commends it to others.

[The Pilgrim's Progress] has the ability to take me by the heart…I just find myself thinking; this is so much like us – to not be able to see the best of things but to be able to see the worst of things so clearly. And here [Christian] is, arriving at the gate, and it's a little triumph and it's a lot of joy to see him move through this part of the path. It feels like life itself, doesn't it? – Jeff Stivason

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Banner of Truth, we awarded copies of Bunyan’s classic work to two of our listeners. Congratulations to Franklin H. from Derry, PA and Logan S. from Pittsburgh, PA!

Each episode over the next several months will discuss a few chapters of the classic work. Part 2 of the book club will air on May 27th, at which time we will cover "The Interpreter's House" (pp. 25-29 in the Banner Books edition). 

Show Notes:

To order your copy of The Pilgrim’s Progress: https://reformedresources.org/the-pilgrims-progress-clothbound/

The Strait Gate by John Bunyan https://a.co/d/abUTGaJ

It is a very helpful platform...or venue for promoting discussion among conservative and confessional evangelicals on matters not just of confessional theology but also, more broadly, speaking biblical theology, recent publications, and even ongoing debates. — Zach Groff

Get a copy to read about John Gresham Machen and his role in forming the PCA, the history and formation of the Standing Judicial Commission, a fascinating look at oaths and vows and witnesses in the courts of Presbyterian churches, and ecclesial unity and creation doctrine.

Congratulations to our winners, Cynthia C. from Jonesborough, TN and Stephen S. from Jacksonville, FL, each of whom won a copy of the 19th edition of The Confessional Presbyterian Journal!

Show Notes:

To order your copy of the journal: www.logcollegepress.com/confessional-presbyterian-journal

Greenville Presbyterian Theological Seminary: www.gpts.edu

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Crossway Books, we had two copies of Crisis of Confidence to give away. Congratulations to our winners, Katherine C. from Anoka, MN and Stephen W. from Arlington, TX!

Congratulations to Melanie M. from Warwick, RI and Juwan W. from Philadelphia, PA, the winners of a copy of Alex's book, thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books!

Thanks to the generosity of our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we were pleased to send two listeners a copy of Ryan McGraw's's book. Congratulations to Ryan C. from Glendale, AZ and Susan R. form Boonsboro MD.

Show Notes:

Dr. McGraw recommended this book on the Holy Spirit by Fred Sanders:

https://www.crossway.org/books/the-holy-spirit-tpb-2/

Congratulations to Raymon C. from Lakewood, CO and Noah H. from Greer, SC who were selected to receive a copy of The Doctrine of Justification by Faith, courtesy of Reformation Heritage Books.

Thanks to our friends at Reformation Heritage Books for generously providing two copies of this devotional by William Boekestein, Jonathan Landry Cruse, and Andrew Miller. Our winners are Rich F. from Augusta, GA and Chris P. from Mill Spring, NC. Congratulations!

Congratulations to Joshua C. from Anoka, MN, the winner of a copy of The Upside Down Kingdom, thanks to our friends at Crossway Books!

Thanks to our friends at Reformation Heritage Books, we gave away two copies of David's book to our listeners. The winners are Libby S. from St. Charles, MO, and Andrew C. from Corona, CA. Congratulations!  

Congratulations to the winners of the classic work, Redemption Accomplished and Applied, by John Murray: John F. from York, PA, Christopher D. from Gulf Breeze, FL, and Josh R. from Mesa, AZ. And thanks to Eerdmans Publishing for generously providing these copies for our listeners. 

Congratulations to the winners of a drawing for Nathan’s new book, I Have a Confession, courtesy of Crown and Covenant Publishing: John M. from Ridgetown, Ontario, Jim B. from Overland, MO, and Beck O. from Danville, PA.

Show Notes:

Thank you to this month's sponsor Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Explore which theological degree best fits you at SBTS.EDU/EXPLORE.

Thank you Baker Academic for providing two copies of G.K. Beale’s book, Union with the Resurrected Christ for our listeners. The winners of the drawing were Maureen B. from Austin, TX and Joe G. from Orland Park, IL!

Show Notes:

Thank you to this month's sponsor Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Explore which theological degree best fits you at SBTS.EDU/EXPLORE.

Coleman E. from Tucker, GA and Mark S. from Ocean City, NJ were the winners of the giveaway of Tearing Us Apart, copies provided courtesy of Regnery Publishing. Congratulations!

Show Notes

https://www.amazon.com/Tearing-Us-Apart-Abortion-Everything/dp/1684513502

Thank you to this month's sponsor Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Explore which theological degree best fits you at SBTS.EDU/EXPLORE.

We are pleased to announce the winners of a copy of C.S. Lewis’ book, The Screwtape Letters. Congratulations to Talib M. from Cleveland, GA and Ed S. from Hudson, MA!

Show Notes

To register for the Gap Bible Series seminar in Lancaster, PA, click here: https://www.alliancenet.org/gapcenter

Congratulations to Barb P. from Langhorne, PA and Bobby F. from North Richland Hills, TX, each of whom won a copy of Gary Schnittjer’s book, courtesy of B&H Academic.

Register here for the opportunity to win a copy of William Varner’s book, courtesy of our friends at T&T Clark Publishing.

Congratulations to Tony W. from Anderson, SC and Timothy G. from St. Clair Shores, MI, the winners of our book giveaway, and thank you Reformation Heritage Books for generously providing them! 

Thank you Crown & Covenant for providing a couple copies of Christopher Wright’s book for our listeners. The winners are Daniel F. from Fairfax, VA and Joanna S. from Rockaway, NJ. Congratulations!

How can we know God’s will for our lives and make responsible decisions? Why does decision-making and discerning the will of God seem so difficult? Jonathan and James tackle a topic that impacts every one of us, whether we’re making big, life-changing decisions or the seemingly less significant choices we face daily. 

Banner of Truth provided a few copies of the classic work by John Flavel, The Mystery of Providence, and the winners of the giveaway are Kevin R. from Clayton, NC, June M. from Meadville, PA, and Libby S. from St. Charles, MO. Congratulations!

Courtesy of Reformation Heritage Books, we gave away three copies of Bruce's book. The winners were Len A. from Hoschton, GA, Jai Paul G. from Taylors, SC, and Nicole I. from Harper Woods, MI. Congratulations!

Reformation Heritage Books graciously provided us with a few copies for a giveaway. Congratulations to our winners, Philip N. from Jacksonville, FL, Julian S. from Gainesville, TX, and George Y. from Castle Rock, CO!

Show Notes

Britt recommends these books by Isaac Watts:

A Guide to Prayer

Discourses on the Love of God

The World to Come

James Renihan is back on the podcast to discuss his latest book with James and Jonathan, To the Judicious and Impartial Reader, an exposition of what is popularly known as the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith. Dr. Renihan shines welcomed light on this important confession of faith that churches around the world have used for almost 350 years and still encourages and guides believers today.

Thanks to Founders Press for providing three giveaway copies of Dr. Renihan’s book for our listeners. Congratulations to our winners -- Mona J. from Butler, KY, Aiden M. from Temple, TX, and Michael A. from Covington, KY!

Our friends at Reformation Heritage Books provided two copies of the classic book, Triumphing Over Sinful Fear, by John Flavel for a giveaway. The winners of the drawing are David L. from Arden, NC and Melinda M. from Turlock, CA. Congratulations!

Our friends at P&R Publishing provided three giveaway copies of Jonathan's book. The winners of the drawing were Todd O. from Rancho Santa Margarita, CA, Craig F. from Aubrey, TX, and Femi O. from Barre, VT.

Thanks again to Zondervan Academic for graciously providing two more copies of Torah Story: Second Edition for a giveaway. Congratulations to our winners, Yev C. from Jacksonville, FL and Elizabeth H. from West Jefferson, NC. 

Thank you Zondervan Academic for providing two copies of Dr. Schnittjer’s book for a giveaway. Congratulations to our winners: Jonathan R. from Dubuque, IA and Lee N. from Hellam, PA.

Crown & Covenant generously provided a number of giveaway copies of The Sum of Saving Knowledge, and the winners are Michael L. from Katy, TX, John B. from Amarillo, TX, and Gregory B. from Northumberland, PA. Congratulations!

Show Notes *David Whitla’s free study guide download  

Christian Focus Publications graciously provided three copies of Dr. Needham's latest volume for a giveaway. The winners were Kaspars O. from Louisville, KY, Paul R. from McKinney, TX, and Mark A. from Grand Rapids, MI.

Thanks to Crown and Covenant's generosity, we were able to select three winners for a giveaway of Dr. Williams' book. Congratulations to Vincent R. from Newtown Square, PA, Doug B. from Medford, OR, and Ben M. from Anaheim Hills, CA.

The Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals provided three copies of Trembling Joy for a giveaway. The winners were Brian Z. from Manhattan, KS, Charlotte N. from Santa Clara, CA, and Joe K. from Williams, AZ. 

Wipf and Stock Publishers generously provided two copies of The Divine Missions: An Introduction for a giveaway. Congratulations to Skyler M. from Vancouver, WA and James R. from Winona Lake, IN.

Christian Focus Publications provided three copies of Who Needs the Church: Why We Need the Church (and Why the Church Needs Us) for a giveaway. Congratulations to our winners: Tony T. from Alderson, WV, Skyler M. from Vancouver, WA, and Kandice T. from Enterprise, AL.

Thanks to P&R Publishing, we were able to offer three copies of Theology for Ministry for a giveaway. The winners were David R. from Williamsburg, VA, Cullen B. from Marietta, GA, and Brandt K. from Trevose, PA.

Banner of Truth graciously provided three copies of Jonathan's book for a giveaway. Congratulations to our winners: Marianne M. from Sterling Heights, MI, Dwayne S. from Cedarburg, WI, and Joe K. from Williams, AZ. 

Thanks to Yale Books, we were able to offer a copy of Gordon's book Zwingli: God's Armed Prophet. The winner was Kurt V. from Yuba City, CA.