The Biblical Unitarian Podcast

442: God is Immutable, But Jesus is Not

Thu, 16 Jul 2026 01:58:00 -0300

Does Jesus Christ possess the divine attributes of immutability and aseity? This week's episode contrasts Yahweh's immutability with Jesus Christ's repeated acts of changing. Christ plainly taught that he was not a se, meaning he was not an eternal Son. Despite God granting Jesus unending life at the resurrection, the Son is neither immutable nor possessed of aseity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/yscub5ywfW8

Link to information of my Fall 2026 Intro to New Testament Greek Online course:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pTvcdofRw7SmF49rKfjlwQAgQY31xMAYrQIii5klqL8/edit?usp=sharing

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OvibKbtFzJ3451__CLT5Rj_2AKpMx5POZV6yaVOjt7Q/edit?usp=sharing

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441: God is Omniscient, But Jesus is Not

Thu, 09 Jul 2026 01:46:00 -0300

Does Jesus Christ possess the divine attribute of omniscience? This week's episode contrasts Yahweh's all-knowingness with Jesus Christ's repeated portrayal as lacking omniscience. Christ increased in wisdom, he was taught by God, he learned obedience, and he admitted his ignorance of the day and hour of the second coming. Despite God highly empowering the Son, the Son is not all-knowing.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/1I-m1Ib1fOM

Link to information of my Fall 2026 Intro to New Testament Greek Online course:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pTvcdofRw7SmF49rKfjlwQAgQY31xMAYrQIii5klqL8/edit?usp=sharing

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IHnUMzKHTMgTvN37KFRdN-go7kWW6K8GUYxE9TqoEuY/edit?usp=sharing

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440: God is All-Powerful, But Jesus is Not

Thu, 02 Jul 2026 01:08:00 -0300

Does Jesus Christ possess the divine attribute of omnipotence? This episode examines how the biblical authors portray God as the all-powerful Almighty One, while never illustrating Jesus as his omnipotent equal. In fact, Christ often spoke about his inability to do things apart from God's leading and authority. Despite God highly empowering the Son, the Son remains subject to God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/AbIY6nQFV5o

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RIYmu0Ml3Fdpg20Pb-gbjtWYGx1PfbJ1dBld6opuA6c/edit?usp=sharing

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439: Jesus' Death According to the Flesh (1 Peter 3:18)

Thu, 25 Jun 2026 01:57:00 -0300

First Peter 3:18 states that Christ was "put to death in the flesh." Does this language hint at the possibility that Jesus only partially died (i.e., in his flesh) while another unnamed part (or nature) continued living? This episode explores the meaning of Jesus' death in the flesh to determine whether Jesus is a God-man possessing two natures. Spoiler alert: he isn't.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/yp2LAuFgAX0

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZSoNvOmOc1XGdzAkAr8ZYohmOUaXwuhqIJ_SVl61-eQ/edit?usp=sharing

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438: Christ, the Bread from Heaven, in Context

Thu, 18 Jun 2026 01:29:00 -0300

John chapter 6 presents Jesus as the bread from heaven, the Son of Man who offers life to those who partake of his bread and wine. The episode grounds the Bread of Life discourse in its Jewish context—personified Wisdom in Proverbs, the Son of Man indwelt by heavenly Wisdom in 1 Enoch, and Philo’s view of manna as Wisdom—showing that the Son of Man preexists as personified Wisdom/Word rather than as a conscious person.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/BavTfHYkxto

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lRCFTf4ZcmZdCxjyOwA-5wp7uRoa68QYqYMofCs5qV4/edit?usp=sharing

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437: Most Biblical Scholars Reject Jesus as God

Fri, 12 Jun 2026 20:38:16 -0300

In this episode, we examine a striking shift in biblical scholarship: fewer and fewer experts now affirm that Jesus is the only true God. I compare two major surveys published in 2025 that reveal the same trend among everyday American Bible readers — a clear majority no longer believe Jesus is God. At the same time, interest in Unitarianism is surging.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/T8JAgnMkDbw

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xzfMzFxgH-5OI3S2UkW4BBYKBll2SlaZwkU8YIjVSns/edit?usp=sharing

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436: Isaiah 9:6 In Context

Thu, 04 Jun 2026 14:11:39 -0300

While many interpreters see Isaiah 9:6 as a prediction of the birth of Jesus Christ, in its original context, the passage actually described King Hezekiah. This episode offers five arguments for reading this oracle concerning the Prince of Peace in terms of Hezekiah and his just reign in the 8th century BC.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/OBcDrersqLA

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vimgUjBYpFlwrUjshCEeTwOo8pLmU4pDKIMHXTHDjVU/edit?usp=sharing

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435: Colossians 1:19 In Context

Thu, 28 May 2026 01:54:00 -0300

This episode explores the language and meaning behind the fullness of God dwelling in Christ (Col 1:19). Beginning by setting the verse in its context of Wisdom Christology, we turn to examine the verse's often-overlooked origins in Psalm 68:16. Finally, we look at Sirach's portrayal of God sending his wisdom to dwell in the temple, specifically by becoming incarnate in Simon the high priest. The result is a christologically-rich illustration of Jesus, the climactic embodiment of God's wisdom.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/Xe7L4mbeAN4

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Bo8745lX-CHxFU-OFwUcg1lIDv9Rg6Iumu2-jdDoCZc/edit?usp=sharing

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434: The Word Became Flesh at Christ's Baptism (John 1:14)

Thu, 21 May 2026 01:55:00 -0300

In this episode, I explain why I changed my mind on the timing of John 1:14, where the word became flesh. Although it is popular to assume that this occurred at Jesus' birth, a compelling case can be made that it took place at Jesus' baptism by John. We discuss that evidence in this week's episode.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/OIcKBNVfDdg

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1latHR_K6vuYV0dM4-SnQr_eip-7N4VgV4pm77XpkzX4/edit?usp=sharing

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433: Does Romans 10:13 Identify Jesus as Yahweh?

Thu, 14 May 2026 01:09:00 -0300

In Romans 10:13, Paul cites a passage about calling on the name of Yahweh, and he applies it to believers calling on the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. Does Paul intend with this quotation to identify Christ as Yahweh? No. This episode explores the nature of the quotation, how Christ is "Lord," and God's identity in Romans.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/kwNTnKXxuXM

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EsiCDI7vdX4h_v8Bg3CNkiarIsqWgRnXMNmhTrBF3s8/edit?usp=sharing

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432: 1 John is Unitarian

Thu, 07 May 2026 02:24:00 -0300

First John is one of the best examples of unitarian theology in the New Testament. This episode examines how the Elder who composed 1 John and his recipients agree that God is one person, the Father alone. Christ is portrayed as the son of the one true God, and the Spirit is illustrated as God's own personal presence. First John is inconsistent with the doctrine of the Trinity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/1Ejh1vTc4ds

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mMyXMEZWjYCm2UrfdKwt6Fp4LKUTXF5rLCFOv1avzJY/edit?usp=sharing

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431: God's Personifications Are Not Persons

Thu, 30 Apr 2026 01:03:00 -0300

The biblical authors frequently personify God's attributes. This episode discusses the concept of personification, focusing on a dozen examples of the Father's personified attributes. We also discuss the pitfalls of reading personification incorrectly as real persons alongside the Father.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/csQr-V00snA

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UVSwVlVa3JVaDNHlhGMh0BKuJ7qUgl_ZZi9aWI61dWM/edit?usp=sharing

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430: God and the Lamb in Revelation 22:3

Thu, 23 Apr 2026 02:27:00 -0300

To whom does Revelation 22:3 illustrate as receiving the highest form of worship, God or the Lamb? This episode explores this grammatically ambiguous passage by situating it within the broader theology of the Book of Revelation. We demonstrate that "latreuo" is intended for God alone.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/csQr-V00snA

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NfOn5DzuH8AiotrVsHsVjBIUJJalQS1JwBjwgsr4kM4/edit?usp=sharing

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429: The Memra in the Targums

Thu, 16 Apr 2026 01:04:00 -0300

This episode explores how the concept of the Memra (Aramaic: "word") personified the actions of the transcendent God of Israel in the Jewish Targums. The Memra was not considered a seperate person alongside Yahweh in the minds of the targumists. We also consider the relevance of the Aramaic Memra to interpreting the prologue of the Gospel of John.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/NGGfqoYv_pM

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HmuJXcSltehPECFirswLJJbiBnZuJeWMjtsDYu0HIlg/edit?usp=sharing

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428: Is the Acts of Paul and Thecla Trinitarian?

Thu, 09 Apr 2026 02:18:00 -0300

The Acts of Paul & Thecla, written between 160 and 190 AD, was one of the most popular apocryphal acts among Christian readers. This episode examines what the unknown author believed about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. After removing the later scribal additions, the Acts of Paul & Thecla appears to be a unitarian Christian document.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/NRlwAgF149A

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lX4h0eUQACufPNJermupAXv73vwUIo2BjHc-D9PWGfc/edit?usp=sharing

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427: Who is the Most High God?

Thu, 02 Apr 2026 01:12:00 -0300

Within the Old and New Testaments, the figure known as the Most High God is portrayed to be only one person. This episode explores his identity, focusing particularly on Jesus' relationship to the Most High God, who appears to be the Father alone.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/93muK7J3CI4

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bcwf6YgmWcwBzK8GOnlJkXSp6BT-oi4B-lgLYmRN4-U/edit?usp=sharing

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426: Imitating The King Who Served (Philippians 2:5-11)

Thu, 26 Mar 2026 01:13:00 -0300

This sermon discusses the christological portrayal of Christ Jesus taking the form of the Isaianic Suffering Servant, as it is depicted in Phil 2:5–11. Instead of suggesting that a divine figure descended from heaven to become man, Paul illustrates King Jesus refusing to exploit his messianic privileges, choosing instead to embody the role of the Servant depicted in Isaiah 52–53. Paul expects his readers to imitate the example of Jesus, the human king who chose to serve others in obedience to the true God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/aDyQ2-5FaeM

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Op1khHSuVb8AL3WzAL4wp5T6NnnTiMNDBPDqzMY17XU/edit?usp=sharing

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425: What "One" Means in John 10:30

Thu, 19 Mar 2026 03:00:00 -0300

What did Jesus mean when he said, "I and the Father are one"? This episode explores the often-overlooked nuances of the cardinal number one in Greek — an adjective that takes on very different meanings depending on its grammatical gender. Rather than saying that the Father and the Son are one in person or one in being/essence, the Gospel of John illustrates a shared mission and purpose--a purpose Jesus later shares with his followers.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/HNMj2VMjq2c

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13J1sbFHLQ0kAc76VrH10AKxus2TeUoNlmFajL2Yp60o/edit?usp=sharing

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424: Does 2 Peter 1:1 Call Jesus God?

Thu, 12 Mar 2026 02:41:00 -0300

2 Peter 1:1 is one of the ambiguous passages that, due to grammar, may collapse God and the Savior Jesus Christ into a single person. This episode discusses this verse, examines the Granville Sharp "Rule," and considers the wider context of 2 Peter, including the clear statements that consistently distinguish God from Jesus.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/bjJGSRjXdTM

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14rm9ar4dLqPTpYolm0dnXn2OkKNHnXC_CpvaQiJlXh8/edit?usp=sharing

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423: Was Irenaeus A Trinitarian?

Thu, 05 Mar 2026 02:00:00 -0400

Irenaeus of Lyons was a famous heresy hunter of the late second century AD. This episode examines the theology, christology, and pneumatology of Irenaeus to determine whether he was a Trinitarian. Spoiler alert: he wasn't.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/0rWyCT6pxdE

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YHljSnnKG9M6cOHI-_9WCIuD2Q-FE_E9RwjzL-LDil4/edit?usp=sharing

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422: The Verb "Pelah" Does Not Prove that Jesus is God

Thu, 26 Feb 2026 02:11:00 -0400

This episode discusses how the Son of Man receives worship/service ("pelah"), yet dismantles the assumption that this Aramaic verb applies only to God. We demonstrate that the verb "pelah" is flexible, accommodating objects of worship that include the Most High God as well as worthy human beings. We survey the use of this verb in Daniel, in the Dead Sea Scrolls, and in Targum Onkelos.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/qHHBhaVwChk

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UVjP1tpiUs0eAFVfQF9zW3B7ziY98JdanT_S9LposPY/edit?usp=sharing

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421: Dustin Smith / James White Debate: "Does the Bible Teach the Trinity?"

Thu, 19 Feb 2026 02:00:00 -0400

On February 6, 2026, I debated James White in a public, moderated debate titled "Does the Bible Teach the Trinity?" James White demonstrably failed to prove the affirmative of the debate.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/hMuDp3XPmbU

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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420: 6 Reasons Why I Won the Debate Against James White on the Trinity

Thu, 12 Feb 2026 03:00:00 -0400

On Friday, February 6, 2026, I defeated James White in a public, moderated debate concerning whether the Bible teaches the Trinity. In this week's episode, I am joined by Dr. Dale Tuggy to review the six reasons why I emerged as the winner of this debate on the Trinity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/OPvIQSi8Oss

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qabbDTrunvQfKB5lZ25eL6wNvf9mReRK6YEXYcxyDNE/edit?usp=sharing

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419: The Development of the Noun "Ousia"

Thu, 05 Feb 2026 04:07:00 -0400

In traditional Trinitarian language, there are three persons in the one "being/essence" of God (as expressed in the Greek noun "ousia"). However, "ousia" does not mean "essence" or "being" in the New Testament, nor in the Septuagint. This week's episode examines how the meaning of "ousia" evolved over time to justify the post-biblical doctrine of a tri-personal God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/6mIOx6qqK8I

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ompe3bYg2xuci3y4mzSFLRPdyfaJoOT78umtJksdZKA/edit?usp=sharing

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418: The Development of the Noun "Hypostasis"

Thu, 29 Jan 2026 05:00:00 -0400

In traditional Trinitarian language, the one being of God consists of three persons, as expressed in the Greek noun "hypostasis." However, "hypostasis" does not mean "person" in the New Testament, nor in the Septuagint. This week's episode explores how the meaning of "hypostasis" changed over time in order to justify the post-biblical doctrine of a tri-personal God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/28sXUnm5hdw

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CI8TfHD607d5rlFSaWXly6DhmozGLALk-bCU94I4DqE/edit?usp=sharing

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417: Jesus is a Human Person Today

Thu, 22 Jan 2026 05:00:00 -0400

This week's episode explores the state of Jesus' post-resurrection body. Jesus and the NT authors taught that the resurrection body remains human, indicating that Jesus is an immortalized member of the human race today. We examine the evidence for Jesus' enduring humanity while also engaging with scriptural objections that are sometimes raised.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/pTXeaKN-0Y0

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XhkaGupSpr2Dmq5ManloIrAY2fUapM7_M53H0v5t8f8/edit?usp=sharing

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416: Was Jesus in the Fiery Furnace?

Thu, 15 Jan 2026 04:08:00 -0400

Several conservative Christians have argued or suggested that Jesus was the fourth figure who rescued the three Jewish boys from the furnace of fire in Daniel chapter 3. This episode explores the passage, identifying the unnamed figure as a heavenly angel that is described as "a son of the gods" (but not the messianic Son of God).

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/ntFexsxwRMI

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hLSloxEsDqcsHpHdHjBESE3hl_jV9ZkMiXYqHZfcJAo/edit?usp=sharing

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415: How Scribes Corrupted 1 Timothy 3:16

Thu, 08 Jan 2026 05:00:00 -0400

1 Timothy 3:16 is a well-known example of a scribal change that transformed a reference to Jesus into a reference to God. We explore this text and discuss how later scribes changed the passage, resulting in a much higher Christology than the author originally intended.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/OaZmZR9Pm_8

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1crrBhgJ3cYrF6Mg_8jxWgq_r6jXJtMASFRB5v4FjQs8/edit?usp=sharing

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414: Unpacking Acts 2:22-23

Thu, 01 Jan 2026 05:00:00 -0400

Acts 2:22-23 offers an undiluted christology that best represents the beliefs of the New Testament authors. Peter proclaims that Christ was a real human being, whom God empowered to perform miraculous works. The passage also illustrates Jesus as preexisting in God's foreknowledge and predetermined plan, rather than consciously existing in heaven before his birth.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/mPSqF6OYsWo

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11uBt9NT8UPEiMSGc9FxhqhA2Zw45eEoJ8xfI1G8bhwE/edit?usp=sharing

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413: Unpacking John 20:17

Thu, 25 Dec 2025 05:00:00 -0400

John 20:17 is a straightforward passage in which the resurrected Jesus explicitly identifies that he has a God. Jesus was a unitarian, so he believed and taught his followers that his God was only one person, the Father alone. This episode examines John 20:17, demonstrating that it is incompatible with the doctrine of the Trinity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/--vgNB2CRpw

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tGZhlEVj2Wam0PgtWBgnxjXCua1u3B75uwLjHpq5sBk/edit?usp=sharing

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412: Is the Oxyrhynchus Hymn Trinitarian?

Thu, 18 Dec 2025 05:00:00 -0400

A 3rd-century Christian hymn was discovered among the Oxyrhynchus papyri, and the hymn contains worship offered to the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. This episode explores the Greek hymn, examines how it illustrates the one God, and demonstrates why it is not evidence for belief in the Trinity during the late 200s. Instead, the hymn appears to best fit a modalistic understanding of God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/F7E5rf6Cpq4

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11At1ZRu50GM_UrFdSN29NqV5XwXJRQjirATLPN8vCyQ/edit?usp=sharing

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411: Unpacking Luke 1:31-35

Thu, 11 Dec 2025 05:00:00 -0400

Gabriel's announcement to Mary contains several simple christological truths. This week's episode unpacks the exchange between the angel and Jesus' mother, examining the promised titles of Jesus, his role as the climax of the Davidic Covenant, Jesus' relationship with the Most High, and how the Holy Spirit brings Jesus into existence in Mary's womb. The Gospel of Luke produces a christology of a fully human Jewish Messiah, the son of God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/kRGdpnRD3sc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1A9OLd5JXy6AFGOh2RUUgDspWqXmvEEQmqMJ2oa70D6E/edit?usp=sharing

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410: Was Athenagoras of Athens a Trinitarian?

Thu, 04 Dec 2025 05:00:00 -0400

Athenagoras of Athens was a second-century Christian convert who wrote a famous apology in which he defends his understanding of God against claims of atheism. This week's episode explores what he believed about God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit. The resulting conclusion is that Athenagoras was a Logos theologian with a unitarian understanding of God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/jeSnw-aeAEo

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GAOoLIOfZEVpRlmc41fuyP9wghiyml1GIVMlzKUp82A/edit?usp=sharing

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409: Unpacking Matthew 1:16-20

Thu, 27 Nov 2025 05:00:00 -0400

This episode unpacks Jesus' place in Matthew's genealogy and birth narrative and, in the process, draws attention to how Jesus was brought into existence in Mary's womb. The begetting of Jesus, in other words, rules out any manner of conscious preexistence.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/7LsU_rZJZz8

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XbvvPEsn7JWoNX6VRnFihdi-u_dU9Gc--GjCB-MRiJY/edit?usp=sharing

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408: Is 3rd Corinthians Trinitarian?

Thu, 20 Nov 2025 05:00:00 -0400

3rd Corinthians is a second-century Christian document that was written in Paul's name. The work offers a glimpse into the unknown author's thoughts on the creator God, Jesus' birth, and the Holy Spirit, while also detailing the doctrines the author deemed heretical. The resulting portrayal is an overlooked example of biblical unitarianism in the second century.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/eMzDcjD5rR4

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TeMyskZRycGubw2CqdCq9sGLkKXZi_9yZWWapxckMjs/edit?usp=sharing

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407: Changes to Christology in the New Greek New Testament

Thu, 13 Nov 2025 05:00:00 -0400

This episode examines and discusses all of the christologically relevant textual changes in the new edition of the Greek New Testament (UBS6).

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/GjfFB7IIp9A

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

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https://amzn.to/43DPYey

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IIKvgRe_TEwsgxBI-CTwH4yA1-ge74vn3UBn09kyFBM/edit?usp=sharing

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406: Theology, Christology, & Pneumatology in My New Book

Thu, 06 Nov 2025 05:00:00 -0400

This episode previews all of the chapters concerning Theology, Christology, and Pneumatology in my latest book, A Systematic Theology of the Early Church. The book is now available on Amazon.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/ZCXgPDmAeO0

Purchase A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3JBflHb

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/43DPYey

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18xXmDAtzKokn37pLpeNcfkXxKiwiY-InCNbYtjMdS-w/edit?usp=sharing

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405: Chapter Preview: "The Only True God"

Thu, 30 Oct 2025 05:00:00 -0300

This episode will serve as an audiobook of sorts as I read Chapter 2 from my new book, A Systematic Theology of the Early Church. This chapter is titled, "The Only True God." The book is available on Amazon in paperback, hardcover, and Kindle formats.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/RqmWpeQudYo

Purchase A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/4nrHG0s

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/3Wqib4J

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/435DOuO

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vIYdFr94UNEEBknPS3JzvTPEd4HKSwZeoSS7qPgTsIs/edit?usp=sharing

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404: Unpacking Mark 12:28-34

Thu, 23 Oct 2025 04:00:00 -0300

In Mark 12:28-34, Jesus describes what he regards as the greatest commandment, and in doing so, he reinforces the famous Jewish monotheistic creed. This episode explores the interaction between Jesus and a friendly scribe that results in a reaffirmation of the crucial truth that the true God, Yahweh, is only one person.

In this video, I incorrectly state that Targum Ps. Jonathan regards the LORD our God in the Shema as the Father. I have misread the data. The Targum does, however, add in regard to Deut 6:4 the following: "Jacob answered and said, 'Blessed by his glorious Name for ever and ever.'" So the Targumist does refer to Yahweh as one person, since "his name" has a singular pronoun, indicating that Yahweh is one person. However, I admit that what I said in the video was mistaken regarding the reference to the father, which refers to Israel.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/1iY2YCodxQ8

Preorder A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The AI Critical New Testament:

https://amzn.to/3VxO8r5

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/4neRGdH

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/462mqYn

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19F91pxsUAP6nVJGvP3K5Y3FkPNw-eKxiEhkRGNyfEhg/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

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403: Was Melito of Sardis a Trinitarian?

Thu, 16 Oct 2025 04:00:00 -0300

This episode examines the writings, theology, christology, and pneumatology of the late second-century bishop, Melito of Sardis. Melito is often cited as proof of a very high christology, but did he believe in the doctrine of the Trinity? No, Melito is not a Trinitarian; instead, he appears to subscribe to the Two-Stage Logos Theology.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/Nkkd18Gwp6w

Preorder A Systematic Theology of the Early Church:

https://amzn.to/47jldOc

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The AI Critical New Testament:

https://amzn.to/3VxO8r5

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/4neRGdH

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/462mqYn

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aZ2lpSRWEUvtR3rRJ_YkRMcTIcyrPrWpH2Wxt0jaJtA/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/@BiblicalUnitarianPodcast

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402: Unpacking Isaiah 44:24

Thu, 09 Oct 2025 05:00:00 -0300

This week's episode closely examines Isaiah 44:24, a passage renowned for defining the Creator as a single person who made all things without the aid of any conscious agent. After giving attention to the nine singular references in the Hebrew text of Isaiah 44:24, we discuss the qere/ketiv reading, the interpretation of the verse in Targum Isaiah, and the implications for whether Christ served as co-creator.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/zB1rrHBqT4U

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The AI Critical New Testament:

https://amzn.to/3VxO8r5

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/4neRGdH

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/462mqYn

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mDRzMuScQV79fFYZBP_c7Y88a6b6BSKD3zjRCO8nyls/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/@BiblicalUnitarianPodcast

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401: The Latest Evidence Proves that the Trinity is in Decline in America

Thu, 02 Oct 2025 05:00:00 -0300

The results are in from the 2025 State of Theology survey, and things are not looking good for Trinitarians. This week's episode unpacks what the survey found about what Americans believe about the Trinity, the deity of the Son, and the personhood of the Holy Spirit. We also look at the fallout among evangelicals who are embarrassed by how few understand the specifics of the doctrine of the Trinity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/l98YQ_6lt0s

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The AI Critical New Testament:

https://amzn.to/3VxO8r5

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

https://amzn.to/4neRGdH

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus:

https://amzn.to/462mqYn

To support this podcast, donate here:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18tp_CkMXvocnGkggfZUxekUsRY6d_lm6Vj4zDgNvK3Y/edit?usp=sharing

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400: Is The Shepherd of Hermas Trinitarian?

Thu, 25 Sep 2025 04:00:00 -0300

On our 400th episode, we continue our ongoing exploration of the earliest Trinitarian. This week, we study the massive work written by a Roman Christian named Hermas, titled "The Shepherd." After demonstrating that Hermas believed God to be one person (the Father alone), we attempt to make sense of the work's obscure Christology and Pneumatology. Spoiler alert: the Shepherd of Hermas does not teach the doctrine of the Trinity.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/r9CEwCoy2-4

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/14vx9-r5vi47PXGjfna-QmXHlnhEBl8UVQIeIjjMqpF0/edit?usp=sharing

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399: Unpacking Psalm 110:1

Thu, 18 Sep 2025 04:00:00 -0300

Psalm 110:1 was the go-to passage in early Christianity to describe God, Christ, the exaltation, and the promised return to defeat evil. This episode explores Psalm 110:1 in order to see what it has to say about the early Church's understanding of the one true God and his human son, Jesus the Messiah.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/jegZnLoW9QI

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tFJUa7YRKsWqCteoYi-uvWsq-y8liDnh37WMC6zt-RI/edit?usp=sharing

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398: Is the Epistle to Diognetus Trinitarian?

Thu, 11 Sep 2025 04:38:00 -0300

Within the collection of Apostolic Fathers is the lesser-known work entitled The Epistle to Diognetus. This episode explores what this second-century AD letter has to say about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, particularly to see if the author was a trinitarian. We also explore the composite nature of this letter, noting that whoever wrote chapters 11-12 was probably a biblical unitarian.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/GLqQWgHuS1A

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of The AI Critical New Testament:

https://amzn.to/3VxO8r5

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SKO37OxGd3OOc2J7UTU9mpu-q8LI5nh_8mdKxrHPljg/edit?usp=sharing

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397: Unpacking 1 Timothy 2:5

Thu, 04 Sep 2025 04:18:00 -0300

1 Timothy 2:5 is one of those simple and straightforward passages addressing the one God and the identity of Jesus Christ. This episode unpacks this verse, sets it in its context, and argues that the passage is best compatible with a biblical unitarian christology.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/LoCiNHw2Ykg

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Episode notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Zm3LRK_uXYJQ5AF7TJOQRdUGsiHpsDY86OZZfimIWqw/edit?usp=sharing

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396: Was Polycarp a Trinitarian?

Thu, 28 Aug 2025 05:00:00 -0300

Polycarp was the bishop in the Church at Smyrna, a friend of Ignatius, and an early Christian martyr. But did Polycarp believe and teach the doctrine of the Trinity? This episode examines Polycarp's Letter to the Philippians to discern his theology of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. Spoiler alert: Polycarp was a unitarian.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/Qq0npxteUHs

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iWoYqPeCIzkWaF5P90zq75pB9G2MF7HrPUNIezlss-0/edit?usp=sharing

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395: "I Am He": The Self-Designation of God, Christ, and Several Other Human Beings in Judaism and Early Christianity

Thu, 21 Aug 2025 04:00:00 -0300

It is often incorrectly assumed that the phrase "I am [he]" in Scripture is a claim to be Yahweh, the God of Israel. This presentation demonstrates that this phrase is a casual, self-declaration, and that it was uttered by God and by several human figures who were not claiming to be Yahweh himself. This topic was presented at the 2025 Unitarian Christian Alliance UK conference (July 2025).

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/JP7rOlurxxM

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394: The Use of Isaiah 40:3 to Refer to Jesus in the Gospels

Thu, 14 Aug 2025 04:00:00 -0300

The writers of the New Testament gospels all cite Isaiah 40:3 ("Prepare the way of the LORD") to introduce the ministries of John the Baptist and Jesus. Some have argued that this quotation proves that the Gospels believe that Jesus is Yahweh. This week's episode will examine the merits and weaknesses of this interpretation, arguing that a more charitable reading is that the son of God functions as the agent of Yahweh.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/XvbUZ3Vfp14

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WExom4ZJrVTh58KPTV18ujOiyon6Il4d7SbFeuo91BU/edit?usp=sharing

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393: Jesus Obeyed Yahweh

Thu, 07 Aug 2025 04:01:00 -0300

The authors of the New Testament not only distinguish Jesus and God, but they also portray the relationship between the two in terms of Jesus obeying God. This episode explores Christ's obedient relationship with Yahweh, the only true God, by looking at the teachings of Jesus, the theology of Paul, and the portrayal of the son of God in Hebrews.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/sm0WsC0pRW0

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GNOYsVhDUXU-b_Yw_uga1KzjYwaZUyw4cvIJ6ujmYLQ/edit?usp=sharing

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392: Jesus Placed His Faith in God (Part 3 of 3)

Thu, 31 Jul 2025 04:16:00 -0300

This episode explores the christology of Hebrews, 1 Peter, and Revelation, particularly as these books illustrate Christ having faith in God. The portrayal results in an early Christian understanding that Jesus relied on God, he trusted in God, and he was faithful to God.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/x9ZYpxUocFc

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/133gMnr4nn8rFPgovkyTeT7Hqm72TYTXsQSSvbCZijsc/edit?usp=sharing

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391: Jesus Placed His Faith in God (Part 2 of 3)

Thu, 24 Jul 2025 04:00:00 -0300

The Apostle Paul taught his churches that Jesus, the human Messiah, demonstrated faithful obedience to God. This week's episode will explore the christological implications of the human Jesus' obedience and faithfulness in the books of Galatians, Romans, and Ephesians.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/uymWXt3k6uY

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1H5-EyVJbKagUjEs85XJrverJMS5tZtHpU1qQMZIupzc/edit?usp=sharing

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390: Jesus Placed His Faith in God (Part 1 of 3)

Thu, 17 Jul 2025 00:06:00 -0300

All four Gospel writers portray Jesus demonstrating faith in God. This week's episode will explore the christological implications of the human Jesus' obedience, his prayer life, and his confidence that God would vindicate him from death.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/TEHXvk7Fjy0

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https://a.co/d/6nFEbZg

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T5NTdXffNiRcx1_L534sr9otyQDiz-S5FEpWvdRlOV4/edit?usp=sharing

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389: Creation and Redemption in Colossians 1:15-20

Thu, 10 Jul 2025 00:25:00 -0300

Is Colossians 1:15-20 about the original creation, the new creation, or both? In what way is Jesus involved in the creation of all things? This episode sets the christological hymn of Col 1:15-20 firmly in the context of Pauline theology, the argument of the Letter to the Colossians, and Jewish wisdom speculation before offering answers to these crucial questions.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/GtL_lSVuNM0

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To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1X86vrxSkJ5EhLPt1mB86MmC5kJC5TdKbTPiUBWXGrhc/edit?usp=drive_link

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388: How Scribes Corrupted Ignatius' Letter to the Romans

Thu, 03 Jul 2025 00:30:00 -0300

Later scribes altered and expanded Bishop Ignatius' letter to the Romans to elevate its christology. This week's episode will examine four of the most controversial additions to Ignatius' authentic letter to see how later editors corrupted his views of the person of Jesus Christ.

To view the video version of this episode, go here:

https://youtu.be/GDN19SYTewU

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https://a.co/d/6nFEbZg

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387: How Scribes Corrupted Ignatius’ Letter to the Ephesians

Thu, 26 Jun 2025 04:30:00 -0300

Did you know that scribes altered and expanded Bishop Ignatius' letter to the Ephesians to over twice its original size? This week's episode will examine four of the most controversial additions to Ignatius' authentic letter to see how later editors corrupted his views of the local bishop and Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1h07CThrRhVKI0DUddCHfE2RSa7P5oTN3zq2NZhicE1g/edit?usp=sharing

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386: How Scribes Corrupted Ignatius’ Letter to Polycarp

Thu, 19 Jun 2025 04:30:00 -0300

In what ways did later scribes modify and alter the authentic letter from Bishop Ignatius to Polycarp? This week's episode explores some of the additions, focusing on the development of the hierarchy of bishops, the elevated role of the bishop, and the description of Jesus as "our God Jesus Christ." We also examine what it might mean to refer to Christ as "God" in light of the principle of agency that is present in Scripture.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MsmYGFazS4JNGeOx0GHBgzvKcKqfR2SA_LJBHixTkHg/edit?usp=sharing

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385: Was Ignatius a Trinitarian?

Thu, 12 Jun 2025 04:30:00 -0300

Ignatius was the Bishop of Antioch in the first decade of the second century, making him one of the earliest Church Fathers. What did he believe about God, Christ, and the Holy Spirit? These crucial questions are tackled after addressing the controversy surrounding which of his letters were authentically written by him. By drawing on the latest scholarship of Ignatian textual criticism, we can recover the beliefs of this ancient bishop, who appears to be a unitarian.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WyZoG9qEXjWH-oU4X0iM6NgoSwldS1yblUxK-fmRUOo/edit?usp=sharing

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384: Does Calling Jesus ‘Lord, Lord’ Imply Divinity?

Thu, 05 Jun 2025 04:30:00 -0300

Recently, it has been argued that the double use of the title Lord in reference to Jesus ("Lord, Lord") is a claim to be the person of Adonai Yahweh. This week's episode examines such a claim, first by examining the Hebrew texts in question, then by exploring how the Gospel writers use the title "Lord" in different ways, and finally by interpreting the passages in question. In sum, Jesus is not claiming to be Adonai Yahweh. Instead, he is summoning his followers to obey his teachings and submit to his lordship.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-2cjnZ5WB8YNqljBfCpZ-cKXtvcYKFPzo6v2V_oM64E/edit?usp=sharing

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383: Is Jesus a Human Person?

Thu, 29 May 2025 04:30:00 -0300

Is Christ a genuine member of the human race? Some Catholic and Protestant apologists say, no, Jesus is not a real human person. The biblical authors, however, are adamant that Jesus is, in fact, a real human person. This week's episode explores the reasons behind the significant divide between New Testament theology and the Christology of apologists.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TzmXH_BPwjRmKB0TS0gZdO6txipygn2aqErT93jPbYc/edit?usp=sharing

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382: The Human Jesus Preached in the Book of Acts

Thu, 22 May 2025 04:30:00 -0300

It is often erroneously claimed that the early Church preached the doctrine of the Trinity from its inception. The Book of Acts is evidence to the contrary. This week's episode examines the sermons in the Book of Acts to see how Luke portrayed christology and Jesus' relationship to God. Spoiler alert: There is no Trinity in the Book of Acts.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1snGiHYCbSy6K6qMh3lZYtZSsu71eOAQLrIati3Et1s4/edit?usp=sharing

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381: God Gave Authority to the Human Jesus

Thu, 15 May 2025 04:30:00 -0300

How was Jesus able to perform so many miracles, teach boldly, and even forgive sins (an act typically reserved for God alone)? Answer: he possessed authority from God, which enabled and empowered him to do all these wondrous feats. This week's episode examines how the Gospel of Matthew illustrates Christ as a human being with whom God has shared his authority.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QM_DKgx8-RDw92J8dQSGqSu9M1SKX5qZiMD66rj1rnY/edit?usp=sharing

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380: How the Holy Spirit Disproves the Trinity

Thu, 08 May 2025 04:30:00 -0300

The early Christians did not relate to the Holy Spirit in trinitarian terms, and this observation can be confirmed along several lines of evidence. This week's episode examines how acts are offered to God (e.g., worship, prayer, sacrifice, praise, singing, talking) and draws attention to how no one in Scripture performs these same acts to the Holy Spirit. The resulting conclusion is that the biblical authors did not think of the Spirit as a distinct, conscious divine person alongside the Father.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/17xztVthgcih6zkmHbc3K1dBdgKL3sjM_OOfjXs9Qx5M/edit?usp=sharing

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379: The Personification of the Holy Spirit

Thu, 01 May 2025 04:30:00 -0300

This episode examines how the biblical authors in the Old and New Testaments personify the Holy Spirit. The personification of God's Spirit is often overlooked in favor of suggestions that the Spirit is a conscious, distinct person alongside the Father, but this is not the view of the biblical authors. We explore how God personifies His attributes, how He sends them as agents, and how the Holy Spirit fits within this context.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nY4l-tLBVz6NcEk7K3ZBlZShIOe3-ydzv3cKhx3WMWg/edit?usp=sharing

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378: The Holy Spirit is God’s Presence

Thu, 24 Apr 2025 04:30:00 -0300

In Scripture, the biblical authors often portray the Holy Spirit as the personal presence of Yahweh himself. This week's episode explores the crucial role of the Spirit of the Lord, highlighting how the Spirit serves as the extended presence of God as he abides among his people. We also discuss how this portrayal of the Spirit is at odds with Trinitarian theology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LedbJnNYNuxRL3Gb69a7-dp1MIUBfeIYp8t91M4pt4Y/edit?usp=sharing

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377: The Holy Spirit is God’s Power

Thu, 17 Apr 2025 04:30:00 -0300

If the Holy Spirit is not the third person of the Trinity, what is it? This week's episode examines how the biblical authors repeatedly describe the Spirit of Yahweh as his power. God's powerful Holy Spirit is shown to be active in creation, empowering key human beings, and even equipping the human Jesus for his ministry as the Jewish Messiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wsafmPM9Jm5nDoOOLBP3BHZXVi_0NX73g2PjpZKtxl8/edit?usp=sharing

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376: Trinitarianism is Dying

Thu, 10 Apr 2025 04:30:00 -0300

The latest data gathered by George Barna in 2025 indicates that belief in the orthodox doctrine of the Trinity is at an all-time low. This episode examines the data and the decline in Trinitarianism over the last decade. We discuss why fewer people believe in the Trinity and how unitarians can use this opportunity to share their truths.

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https://a.co/d/6nFEbZg

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JuzC6pj28TCwrrtIzeZoGpwj2kOxEx1gF1mzIVUnP60/edit?usp=sharing

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375: The Problems with the Phrase ‘Jesus is God’

Thu, 03 Apr 2025 09:28:05 -0300

Agreeing with the slogan "Jesus is God" has recently become the litmus test for authentic Christians. The problem is that this phrase is nowhere to be found in Scripture, and Jesus never claimed to be God. This episode exposes the problems with the phrase "Jesus is God" by examining thirteen common proof texts to assess the strength of their contribution to Christology. Instead of the phrase "Jesus is God," we propose a more biblical statement: "Jesus is the son of God."

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vVSeQnmalobIKJGse0ZSDD3tkK04HvHKPchwBBdAs7Y/edit?usp=sharing

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374: Unpacking John 17:3

Thu, 27 Mar 2025 04:30:00 -0300

John 17:3 is a staple in arguments for biblical unitarianism (and a thorn in the side for any belief in God being more than one person). This week's episode is wholly committed to exegeting John 17:3, examining what it says about the only true God, what it says about Jesus, how it portrays Jesus as God's agent, and the eternal life these truths offer.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QaJGDV_TeQKzJHeKQTeWuhKyX1icMVcG_OLT-dyRUcE/edit?usp=sharing

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373: How Was Jesus Able to Remain Sinless?

Thu, 20 Mar 2025 04:30:00 -0300

How did Christ remain sinless during his earthly ministry? Is that an accomplishment that only God could achieve? This week's episode examines what the New Testament authors have to say about Jesus' sinlessness, particularly focusing on his unwavering obedience and faithfulness to his God and Father.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-KJvpR1Ou-IwpmKBh3WDbZmBorl-Qm6PH9DUG-H-Dsk/edit?usp=sharing

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372: Is the Epistle of Barnabas Trinitarian?

Thu, 13 Mar 2025 04:30:00 -0300

What did the author of the Epistle of Barnabas believe about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? This week's episode explores this important early second-century Christian document's theology, christology, and pneumatology. This epistle is notable for its attribution of personal preexistence to Jesus and its explicit denial that he is a descendant of King David.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d-FY-vA6K4_X6S5by6dJReRSeIZZmgrgHVslWq0CIlM/edit?usp=sharing

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371: Who is the Alpha & Omega in Revelation?

Thu, 06 Mar 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Within the Book of Revelation, the Lord God and the Lamb are described as "Alpha and Omega." What does this title mean, and what significance does it have for Revelation's christology? This episode explores these important questions and demonstrates that the Lamb bears the title "Alpha and Omega" in his role as the Lord God's agent.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aJ_WsT_IljF-rm6wZGAeDOh_ds9DI2pdqJf-gVGGoU0/edit?usp=sharing

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370: Did Jesus Rescue the Israelites (Jude 5)?

Thu, 27 Feb 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Does Jude 5 say that "Jesus" rescued the Israelites, or does it say that "the Lord" rescued them? Jude 5 possesses an interesting textual variant that some argue points to Jesus' preexistence. This week's episode will examine all the relevant data to determine what Jude 5 originally said about the one who rescued Israel during the Exodus period.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I9X08EW_MP89H3dpb4W0i0ZpoKKoOiSBjwtMbumIrks/edit?usp=sharing

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369: Wisdom’s Incarnation in the Dead Sea Scrolls

Thu, 20 Feb 2025 04:30:00 -0400

How do the Dead Sea Scrolls help inform New Testament Christology? In the Genesis Apocryphon, also known as 1Q20, we see a human being in whom God's wisdom has become embodied. This is the very same theology taught by Jesus and the early Christians, namely that Christ himself was the enfleshment of God's personified wisdom. This week's episode introduces this important Qumran document and demonstrates how it helps create the context from which the New Testament authors inherited their wisdom Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FWjxF8bdmOS-T7bpwV8ZbEsiAvO9Q72hv147JfjImrA/edit?usp=sharing

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368: Jesus’ Sonship in Matthew (Part 2 of 2)

Thu, 13 Feb 2025 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode examines how the narrative of the Gospel of Matthew slowly reveals the role of the messianic son of God as a figure who must suffer and be rejected in accordance with the will of God. We look at how Jesus responds to the accusation of being a rebellious son, how the Transfiguration reinforces Jesus as the promised messiah to whom the disciples owe their allegiance, and the way that narrative both closes and opens with a triple temptation concerning Jesus' sonship. Jesus is condemned for being perceived as a disobedient son, a messianic pretender, but he never once claimed, hinted, or otherwise implied that he was God or divine.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XAhABEnbpwkL4bhS60NcYD82bPPKYtEzTpZhyvFPs10/edit?usp=sharing

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367: Jesus’ Sonship in Matthew (Part 1)

Thu, 06 Feb 2025 04:30:00 -0400

How does the Gospel of Matthew portray Jesus as the "son of God" as he relates to Yahweh, the nation of Israel, and his disciples? Moreover, what does it mean that Jesus calls his disciples "sons of God"? This episode begins the task of exploring the theme of sonship in Matthew, noting how an ideal son of God is obedient to the true God--whom Jesus defined as "our Father."

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1370qNsFEKZ2CqvFWRagyEA1lFaXMiUpuugmaEBH4-yk/edit?usp=sharing

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366: Was Justin Martyr a Trinitarian?

Thu, 30 Jan 2025 04:30:00 -0400

What did Justin Martyr, the second-century Platonic philosopher who converted to a Christian apologist, believe about the Father, Son, and the Holy Spirit? Did Justin think that Jesus was the true God or that he was a second, lesser god whom the true God created? Were the Father, Son, and Spirit regarded within Justin's theology as coequal, or were they set in a hierarchy? Did Justin condemn Biblical Unitarian Christians, or did he tolerate their beliefs? This episode explores these crucial questions, looking directly at the Greek text in order to draw our conclusions.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kTZFiSiFHgWCIzuzz86UvhenyJDlE_Vb5IiurD0moM0/edit?usp=sharing

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365: The Christology of Rev. 3:14

Thu, 23 Jan 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Is Jesus "the beginning of God's creation" or "the ruler of God's creation" in Rev 3:14? This episode sets this passage in its context, follows the author's patterns, and offers reasons why the correct translation of this ambiguous passage is "ruler" (not "beginning").

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HzEwxljILkx5jylZOXOUgGIOUJRwtWCVtD2P7mLQVHo/edit?usp=sharing

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364: Does Prov 30:4 Prove Jesus’ Preexistence?

Thu, 16 Jan 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Proverbs 30:4 is sometimes pointed to as proof that Jesus, the son of God, was conscious and alive during the Old Testament. This episode explores Prov. 30:4, sets it in its context, and discerns the identity of the son. We also closely interact with the argument that this refers to a preexistent son of God, showing by many proofs and reasons that this interpretation is highly unlikely.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GSN6wpmAzHMEmAyl1r1GZCjrUZNfRCRW06NAYKzRTD0/edit?usp=sharing

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363: The Council of Nicaea: Fact & Fiction

Thu, 09 Jan 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Since 2025 marks the 1700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea, which took place in 325 AD, many have begun to reflect on its significance and lasting legacy. Unfortunately, several assertions commonly tossed around about what really took place at Nicaea are simply untrue. This episode examines facts and fiction surrounding the noteworthy church council of the year 325 to help listeners become more well-informed about this key historical event.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MhwFqNa2EfrTZP3tEKSXCXlYIpkUaHaDTmqa0ZnBu2o/edit?usp=sharing

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362: Why Christians Should Abandon Partitive Exegesis

Thu, 02 Jan 2025 04:30:00 -0400

Partitive Exegesis is the interpretive strategy of reading into the texts of Scripture the doctrine of Christ's Two Natures, attributing to some things Jesus did as pertaining to his human nature and other things to Jesus' divine nature. This week's episode shows how key figures in the fourth and fifth centuries employed partitive exegesis in their understanding of Christology. We also examine the New Testament to demonstrate why partitive exegesis distorts the Bible's portrayal of Jesus rather than responsibly explaining its original meaning.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fQ2sfK8P-e1bnN2hrFvFmSYYNIEImYTG7t9maNZmLZg/edit?usp=sharing

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361: Is Jesus the True God in 1 John 5:20?

Thu, 26 Dec 2024 04:30:00 -0400

1 John 5:20 is one of the handful of grammatically ambiguous passages in the New Testament that either calls Jesus "God" (theos) or distinguishes Jesus from God. This week's episode examines the passage as neutrally and fairly as possible to determine whether Jesus is called "the true God and eternal life." 1 John 5:20 will be set in the broader context of the entire book and the context of Johannine literature as a whole before deciding on the key theological matter.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zrfYTQ3ihq_7cw14EXc79cehwNtXyjOi1zpNoFWb0Q0/edit?usp=sharing

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360: Does ‘Echad’ Imply God’s Compound Unity?

Thu, 19 Dec 2024 04:30:00 -0400

While Jews and Unitarian Christians have traditionally argued from Deut 6:4 that God is only one person, several Trinitarian apologists and internet theologians have insisted that "echad" (the Hebrew word for "one") refers to a compound unity of multiple persons. This episode examines the cardinal Hebrew number one ("echad") to determine if it is a word possessing the meaning of compound unity. After digging deep into the lexicons and dictionaries, we listen to the best arguments put forth by Trinitarians in favor of "echad" referring to a plurality of subjects. The results are, let's say, less than compelling for the argument in favor of compound unity.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PyvmM_H6olwYVfnAXlcoO0oqFISibk2GnGb69QivuBg/edit?usp=sharing

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359: How Powerful Was the Promised Messiah Expected to Be?

Thu, 12 Dec 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Far too often, the biblical unitarian view of Jesus Christ is mocked as a "mere man." This episode seeks to correct this straw-man portrayal by looking at how the Old Testament authors described the coming messianic king. We examine six Old Testament passages that describe many ways in which Yahweh promises to empower, authorize, and establish the anticipated son of David as his human agent.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R61WrXhBg5GbxUWNkXplR6INcPVbXnUzFz-0GpRXTDE/edit?usp=sharing

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358: Where is Jesus in the Throne Room Visions?

Thu, 05 Dec 2024 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode explores the various throne room visions in order to locate Jesus Christ. While the early Christians were united in their belief that the risen and exalted Jesus now sits at the right hand of God, the Old Testament throne room visions offer a different picture. We examine the continuity and discontinuity between the Old Testament portrayals and the New Testament portrayals as we seek to discern whether Jesus was in heaven before his birth.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tZS4Fgy0yqAW0rOqmrHPpwUsAaiS8j-sJ1ABkSXRCqc/edit?usp=sharing

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357: The Megiddo Mosaic and its Christology

Thu, 28 Nov 2024 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode examines the Megiddo Mosaic that reportedly bears an inscription calling Jesus "God Jesus Christ." This mosaic, crafted around the year 230 AD, has been recently hyped for promotional purposes, but a lot of fiction is being reported about its meaning and significance. This episode separates the wheat from the chaff, sets the mosaic in its context, and discerns the meaning of all three inscriptions. We also ask the relevant question of what Christians in the year 230 meant when they called Jesus "God."

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TnrslfFFgKP2hbipK5spxfbTRqGdmAilAeZ7svZxAdY/edit?usp=sharing

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356: Jesus as the New Jeremiah in Matthew’s Gospel

Thu, 21 Nov 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Does the Gospel of Matthew use typology to portray Jesus Christ as the new Jeremiah? When Jesus asked about what people were saying concerning the Son of Man, some responded that Jesus was like Jeremiah. This episode explores the extent to which Matthew deliberately illustrates Jesus in terms of the preaching, symbolic actions, and attitude towards the temple that the prophet Jeremiah exhibited.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16QHyvda-t-ujc2-nUNdmWb09tF8Ohpp1R9ZtG-mADv8/edit?usp=sharing

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355: The Human Jesus in the Gospel of John

Thu, 14 Nov 2024 04:30:00 -0400

This episode demonstrates that the Gospel of John presents Jesus Christ as thoroughly human--as a genuine member of the human race. Despite claims that the Fourth Gospel presents a high divine christology, the data indicates that Jesus is called a human being, he calls himself a human being, he has normal human limitations, and he dies the death of a human person. At no point in the Gospel of John does the narrator attempt to qualify this humanity as only partial or perceived. The Johannine Jesus is fully human.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_IS7WCaFp8MjdZyGhmuiyuf2skSc3OzEOgW2TBthQQM/edit?usp=sharing

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354: The Doctrine of Christ’s Two Natures is Incoherent

Thu, 07 Nov 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Is Jesus Christ fully God and fully man? Is the christology present in the creed of Chalcedon thoroughly biblical? This episode examines what it means to be "God" and what it means to be "human" in order to discern whether the doctrine of the two natures of Christ is logically coherent. Spoiler alert: it isn't.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1N9ZS5aSuKLhggyZuMElcVCx91rvoHUnVH9hNhVTW2mw/edit?usp=sharing

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353: Paul Was a Unitarian

Thu, 31 Oct 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This episode examines a clear, straightforward argument that demonstrates that the Apostle Paul was a unitarian Christian, believing and teaching his churches that God is only one person, the Father alone. We examine this argument within Romans, 1 Corinthians, and Galatians, noting that Paul is following Jesus himself, who identified God as "Abba, Father." Lastly, we note how Paul's unitary monotheism was conveyed to the pagans who converted in Thessalonica. Paul, clearly, did not possess any understanding of the doctrine of the Trinity.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_qtgtBi7AY1lxHGmPNzgNt560CTHYFmZe7GDl6cZtUI/edit?usp=sharing

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352: Avoiding the Texas Sharpshooter Fallacy

Thu, 24 Oct 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the Texas Sharpshooter fallacy, which takes place when someone selectively gathers a pattern of data while at the same time ignoring all data that points to a different conclusion. This selective use of verses occurs often in arguments in favor of the Trinity and the full divinity of Christ, and we discuss some of the most common appearances of the fallacy. Finally, we offer four tips to avoid committing this logical fallacy in our own studies.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CmKKqCVQzsuDBSXkaT0HXKb2_g54s0X288SWd5Snw1M/edit?usp=sharing

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351: Avoiding the Middle Ground Fallacy

Thu, 17 Oct 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The Middle Ground Fallacy occurs when someone insists that, despite the evidence provided, the best solution is to meet in the middle of what both sides have presented. This compromise often occurs in discussions of christology, the Trinity, and the development of Christ in church history, but it is entirely fallacious. After examining several examples and familiarizing ourselves with the fallacy's error, we offer five tips to help avoid committing the Middle Ground Fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iy99c2xtRIca8fYiZ11E7kDJndlNVa5-aB-VyLjXcwQ/edit?usp=sharing

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350: Avoiding the Ambiguity Fallacy

Thu, 10 Oct 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week, we discuss the Ambiguity Fallacy, which is also known as "equivocation." The ambiguity fallacy is committed when someone, knowingly or unknowingly, uses an ambiguous term or phrase in more than one sense within an argument, leading to confusion and incoherence by conflating distinct meanings. We discuss several ways that this fallacy gets committed in christological debates and discussions. We conclude by offering several tips to avoid mistakenly committing the ambiguity fallacy in our discussions with others.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1imXSTOZVursCd0cIpF4w2fGNju4GccceRe31v2tr4xo/edit?usp=sharing

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349: Avoiding the Genetic Fallacy

Thu, 03 Oct 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode discusses the genetic fallacy, which occurs when someone accepts or rejects an argument solely on the basis of the source or origin. We discuss how this fallacy occurs far too often in biblical studies, with interpreters blindly accepting the claims of their favorite theologian or dismissing all claims from those whom we deem untrustworthy. In both of these instances, the actual arguments, evidence provided, and logic are completely ignored. Finally, we offer several tips to help us avoid committing this genetic fallacy, allowing us to become better listeners who treat others with fair-mindedness.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_MIWOLlS26z8TdARmVl294RiCoXy_QfFnJB8i3J-hRo/edit

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348: Avoiding the False Cause Fallacy

Thu, 26 Sep 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the False Cause fallacy, which occurs when it is assumed without evidence that one event caused the following event. After looking at several ways people get away with this fallacy in arguments about the Trinity and the divinity of Jesus, we offer six helpful tips to help listeners avoid using it in daily practice.

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Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18XfjHYMRjDwR5w5k-Ht8sF1C2AlDD4tPv4K-Z2MANi8/edit?usp=sharing

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347: Avoiding the Appeal to Emotion Fallacy

Thu, 19 Sep 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the inner workings of the Appeal to Emotion Fallacy, which occurs when someone manipulates emotions in place of presenting valid reasoning to support their argument. We talk about common ways that this rears its ugly head, both in popular discourse and in debates about the Trinity. Lastly, we offer several tips to help avoid making this fallacious mistake.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C2O5Mah4dQo0f9HksIfMCXRsJUYW_cL5YczifcTRd3o/edit?usp=sharing

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346: Avoiding the Ad Hominem Fallacy

Thu, 12 Sep 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The ad hominem fallacy happens when we attack someone's character or label them as a "heretic" rather than engaging their arguments. This week's episode will explore the ad hominem fallacy, discuss how it gets abused in christological debates (past and present), and offer several tips to help us avoid committing this fallacy ourselves.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HU3TEj_vpDTqAiTpxH6-6-A509EiRY6cGyegVL4RnQk/edit?usp=sharing

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345: The Jewish Principle of Agency in the Gospel of John

Thu, 05 Sep 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This is my presentation from the 2024 Unitarian Christian Alliance conference in the UK. I discuss the Jewish principle of agency and its relevance and demonstrate how the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as the authorized agent of the only true God. The video version of this presentation, which includes the Q&A that followed my talk, will be released on the UCA YouTube channel in a few weeks. A link to the paper I presented is in the show notes.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XkY5EnjlGLBqUwLoZ_akIJmZZGA_0yKDOQaTZ77wNxs/edit?usp=sharing

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344: Avoiding the Personal Incredulity Fallacy

Thu, 29 Aug 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week, we are studying the fallacy of personal incredulity, which takes place when someone dismisses a claim simply because they are unable to understand it or find it difficult to believe. We examine several instances of personal incredulity fallacies in our modern culture, many of which are indeed complex, but are often dismissed because people do not take the time to examine the evidence themselves. We also survey many examples of this fallacy occurring in discussions about God, the Trinity, and Christ. Finally, we discuss six tips to avoid committing this fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QuVJw8VoXp054WTOYqNCwiEDxk6ZOtIBqPAHA1x9bJg/edit?usp=sharing

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343: Avoiding the Burden-of-Proof Fallacy

Thu, 22 Aug 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the Burden-of-Proof fallacy, which occurs when someone attempts to make an argument by shifting the responsibility of disproving a claim to the dialogue partner, rather than offering evidence and data to support the initial claim. We discuss how this fallacy keeps popping up in discussions about the Trinity and the deity of Christ. Finally, we offer five helpful tips to argue more effectively without falling prey to the Burden-of-Proof fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-OTQyH7VOSIg_SEGZLgOkYu4IAGX0NbwDIAkJUK7MkI/edit?usp=sharing

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342: Avoiding the False Dichotomy Fallacy

Thu, 15 Aug 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The fallacy of the False Dichotomy frequently occurs in debates about Christology and the Trinity. This fallacy is defined as an argument that offers only two extreme choices, while simultaneously ignoring any other reasonable alternatives. This week's episode explores how the false dichotomy fallacy appears in modern culture before examining its common appearances in christological debates. Finally, we discuss various tips to help avoid falling prey to committing false dichotomies.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tcOMnB15QGYQ9lsBrg3zUAyb6RkK-jTa4iMuUCdKVUY/edit?usp=sharing

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341: Avoiding the Begging-the-Question Fallacy

Thu, 08 Aug 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the logical fallacy of begging the question. This fallacy occurs when the premise is assumed in the conclusion, without offering any evidence or data to prove the conclusion. We examine common instances of begging the question in the culture and debates about Christology. Finally, we provide several tips to avoid falling prey to this fallacious form of argumentation.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1idd_nrBrPDcRUz9Vg4WdVih8jwe23S8WVCioIaEk_AY/edit?usp=sharing

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340: Avoiding the Anecdotal Fallacy

Thu, 01 Aug 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode examines the Anecdotal fallacy, which occurs when someone draws on personal experience or an isolated piece of evidence while neglecting the larger body of data on a subject. We discuss examples of this fallacy being committed, both in common practice and in discussions about God, Christ, and the history of the Trinity. Lastly, we offer several concrete ways to avoid using anecdotal evidence in your own research.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UTuL792dAIC60wCWgB4ceqjRdBCMLxNC5KGbwIeET3Y/edit?usp=sharing

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339: Avoiding the No True Scotsman Fallacy

Thu, 25 Jul 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode examines the "No True Scotsman" fallacy, which commonly occurs in debates about christology, the deity of Christ, and the Trinity. We define the fallacy, show examples of it regularly appearing in biblical debates, and demonstrate why it is fallacious. Finally, we offer five tips to help our listeners avoid committing this logical fallacy, thereby improving the consistency of arguments and exchanges with others who think differently.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s0SeS5fLceu85WUYInfE8arhUCNopUcWX623ozPWbdE/edit?usp=sharing

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338: Avoiding the Appeal to Authority Fallacy

Thu, 18 Jul 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The logical fallacy "Appeal to Authority" occurs when someone points to the opinion of an expert, scholar, or institution without considering the merits of their argument. This week's episode helps readers identify when this fallacy takes place, especially in arguments about God, Christology, and the origins of the Trinity. We also discuss the difference between this fallacy and the consensus arrived at by modern scholars. Lastly, we offer several tips to avoid falling prey to this fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ohzUleDlhdBM9ciwQUzHuPdnPuGqHSN7WTWeH3yhwQM/edit?usp=sharing

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337: Avoiding the Bandwagon Fallacy

Thu, 11 Jul 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the Bandwagon Fallacy, which occurs when someone points to the popularity of a belief, issue, or person to the exclusion of evidence, reason, or logical arguments. We point to some of the most common expressions of the Bandwagon Fallacy, especially those used to argue for the Trinity. We also differentiate between the fallacy and a scholarly consensus, discussing why the two should not be confused. Lastly, we offer several tips to avoid committing the Bandwagon Fallacy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12I1lr90ha3dTTlS7GHz--8C-1-ix7qbG59VpgkJz0Rg/edit?usp=sharing

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336: Avoiding the Special Pleading Fallacy

Wed, 10 Jul 2024 17:10:21 -0300

In debates and discussions about the Trinity and the identity of God, the fallacy of special pleading (or "moving the goalposts") often occurs. This fallacy takes place when one person changes the conditions or definition of their original argument when a counter-argument has met the original conditions, resulting in the original claim being moved farther away in order to avoid admitting the strength of the counter-argument. This week's episode offers several examples of the case of special pleading in debates about God and Christ, shows why they are unhelpful in having charitable conversations, and offers tips on avoiding this common logical fallacy.

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335: Avoiding the Straw Man Fallacy

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode begins a new series that examines common logical fallacies used in debates about God and Christ. The Straw Man fallacy occurs when one misrepresents, either intentionally or unintentionally, the argument of their opponent in a manner that makes it easier to knock down. This results in the actual argument getting ignored and the discussion stalling. We discuss common straw man fallacies that occur in christological debates and offer several tips to avoid committing this fallacy with others.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TfmlJBe7mP7sdDddqEOoC-XISLDIchK-V0aJG8GrrJg/edit?usp=sharing

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334: John the Baptist, Agent from God

Thu, 20 Jun 2024 04:30:00 -0300

Having given sufficient attention to the Jewish Principle of Agency in the previous seven episodes, we can now turn and examine the role of agent that John the Baptist played in the four New Testament gospel accounts. This episode explores the many ways in which John the Baptist functioned as an authoritative agent of the God of Israel, including the fulfillment of scripture, offering forgiveness apart from the temple, and anticipating the soon-to-come Messiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1owy9dnd-Ao_avZMrEBSiW8b61pCpURsZERs0JV275rw/edit?usp=sharing

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333: The Agent Can Appoint Other Agents

Thu, 13 Jun 2024 04:30:00 -0300

As we bring our study of the Jewish Principle of Agency to a close, we take the opportunity to examine the sixth and final tenet, a commissioned agent can authorize his or her own agents. After looking at the Jewish context and some examples of this tenet, we turn to the Gospel of John to better understand why Jesus, the agent of God, commissioned forth further agents. These agents include the original disciples, the Spirit, and the ideal readers of the Gospel of John.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1irkTiIamHLH5iBii8PKRDJV3dcXPEeHUzGKHA1ojs1g/edit?usp=sharing

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332: The Agent Returns to the Sender after Completing the Mission

Thu, 06 Jun 2024 04:30:00 -0300

According to the Jewish Principle of Agency, upon completion of his or her mission, the agent needed to return to the sender. This episode explores how Jesus functions as the agent of God in light of the context of this particular tenet, especially as it relates to the bodily ascension of Jesus. We consider why the Gospel of John has the most references to the ascension of Jesus, while also examining Jesus as the embodiment of God's personified word and wisdom.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mu2oEzrdCS-fJjN0E1jf7zLyJlRoyei0y59lqygQWr0/edit?usp=sharing

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331: The Agent Obeys the Sender

Thu, 30 May 2024 04:30:00 -0300

As we examine the fourth tenet of the Jewish Principle of Agency, we discover that the relationship between the principal and the agent requires an obedient posture. The one who is sent must obey the will of the sender, honoring the mission at the expense of his own interests. After situating this tenet in its Jewish context, we turn to the Gospel of John to witness several ways in which Jesus willingly obeys the mission for which God has sent him. The Johannine Jesus is not coequal with God.

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my new book Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YJlZShQUv6lNJ4aSqIueKkUId4NbXWeW7mluqNpXT7I/edit?usp=sharing

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330: The Agent is Subordinate to the Sender

Thu, 23 May 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the tenet in the Jewish Principle of Agency that recognizes the subordinate status of the agent (shaliach) of the sender (principal). We discuss the different agents that the true God uses in Scripture and their qualifications, and we even talk about who the most qualified agents were known to be. Lastly, we examine the Gospel of John's portrayal of Jesus as the human agent of the only true God to see how this subordination functioned.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ga1Qv--x4Q7VkvcwXCi0usMD_8HK9TSfErglDRDMbg4/edit?usp=sharing

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329: The Agent Bore the Judicial Role of the Sender

Thu, 16 May 2024 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue our series on the Jewish Principle of Agency, we explore in this episode the ways in which the commissioned agent carried out the judicial roles and responsibilities of his sender. We look closely at how human judges function as agents of God, to the point where they are even called "God." Then, we dive into the Old Testament and New Testament to survey how human agents share in God's judicial role as the cosmic judge of all the earth.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_JxZQ4WUp-K-0MEfHJo54qpAj3S2r4xPeN4jb0on4HM/edit?usp=sharing

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328: The Agent Fully Represents the Sender

Thu, 09 May 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The first tenet of the Jewish Principle of Agency is that the agent fully represents the sender. This episode examines the evidence for this concept within the Hebrew Bible, the Mishnah, the Babylonian Talmud, and the New Testament. We also explore some of the most noteworthy agents of Yahweh in the Bible, including heavenly angels, prophets, kings, judges, and Jesus himself.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g4l-esnQ20JiKA6C5yevs_ILyoR7PA3QYzT1QZe80o4/edit?usp=sharing

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327: The Jewish Principle of Agency

Thu, 02 May 2024 04:30:00 -0300

Scholars have long noted the similarities between the regular depiction of God sending prophets, messengers, and even the Messiah, with the Jewish principle of agency. This episode introduces the Jewish principle of agency and offers an overview of its six major tenets. Over the next six episodes, we will examine evidence for each of the tenets of Jewish understandings of agency within the biblical texts of Scripture.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hoRJQsrQyC3QTwa7GyR3aERseGUds9xWdvmDW3405N4/edit?usp=sharing

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326: Discussing My New Book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John

Thu, 25 Apr 2024 04:30:00 -0300

My book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John, is now available. In this week's episode, I talk about why I wrote it, how I organized the material, and what you can expect in each chapter. If you are on the fence about buying it, or if you want to know more about how I organized the material, then this episode is for you.

Visit Amazon to buy your copy of my new book Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John:

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1BN9iXLjcDgqb8e-emPVynXv1gfZwGMmnilLR-1iUZb8/edit?usp=sharing

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325: Does John’s Gospel Teach Two Powers in Heaven?

Thu, 18 Apr 2024 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue working through Alan Segal's arguments in favor of early Christian views of the Two Powers in Heaven heresy, we come to the Gospel of John. We explore the texts that Segal points to as evidence for the belief in Two Powers. In doing so, we interact with his arguments, weigh them for persuasiveness, and consider some of the much-needed evidence concerning monotheism that Segal conveniently neglects from his assessment of the Gospel of John. The resulting assessment is that the Gospel of John attests to a Christian view of monotheism that is in essential agreement with Judaism.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1otkm2mSPe5_CpnMHvnLJiU-qFIhVs8BoqqQ18GMXmcc/edit?usp=sharing

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324: Did Paul Teach Two Powers in Heaven?

Thu, 11 Apr 2024 04:30:00 -0300

Did the Apostle Paul teach something resembling the heresy of Two Powers in Heaven that the later Jewish rabbis rejected? This episode interacts with Alan Segal's interpretation of three key Pauline texts where Paul may (or may not) be guilty of promoting Jesus as the second power in heaven. After dialoguing with Segal's reading of Paul, we offer a summary of what Paul did in fact teach about God's oneness, Jesus' humanity, and Jesus' subordination to the one God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GdBLzHlL36PcJ4pmIWkl50-o1A9OkZ_1Sj8FoQL674g/edit?usp=sharing

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323: Was Philo a Two-Powers-in-Heaven Heretic?

Thu, 04 Apr 2024 04:30:00 -0300

Did Philo, the first-century Jew, believe and teach that there were actually two Gods in heaven? What does Philo mean when he talks about the "two powers" of God? This week's episode explores the complex theology of this prolific first-century theologian in order to better understand how Jewish monotheism was conveyed through the lens of a Middle Platonist. We interact with Alan Segal's book Two Powers in Heaven and assess his conclusions about the early dating of this heretical view.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cWnICjTFbMk674tOuoVtgRO5vMZB7IL3dxk5aT27Xbc/edit?usp=sharing

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322: What Is the Two Powers in Heaven Heresy?

Thu, 28 Mar 2024 04:30:00 -0300

The seminal work by Alan Segal, Two Powers in Heaven, has made a demonstrable impact on how interpreters understand Jewish monotheism and early Christian views of the exalted Jesus. This episode introduces the topic of the Two Powers heresy. We examine three passages from rabbinical literature in order to better understand this peculiar heresy, who might have been promoting it, and what sort of passages were being cited in support of it. We also look closely at the Jewish scriptural response to the Two Powers heresy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ejoUTkkmn_47ldylksMsmXVH1KnFxpdA7B-V2cl0b1Q/edit?usp=sharing

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321: Jesus’ Solidarity with Human Mortality in Hebrews

Thu, 21 Mar 2024 04:30:00 -0300

This episode interacts with a recently published article in the journal Novum Testamentum 66 (2024) entitled "Jesus’s Solidarity with Human Mortality and Perfection of Sonship in the Epistle to the Hebrews." The author draws attention to an overlooked argument in Hebrews, specifically in the manner in which the mortality of Jesus--the son of God--is set in parallel to the mortality of the original recipients of Hebrews. Both the son of God and the readers have joy set before them, submit to righteous behavior, and are promised an exalted inheritance for doing so. I discuss the findings of this article and show how they strengthen the Biblical Unitarian faith.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TMcE1-z5aDvpGQ2emgXU7FgLi3cxlIioLvDwonGtXqA/edit?usp=sharing

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320: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:22b

Thu, 14 Mar 2024 04:30:00 -0300

Deuteronomy 18:22 indicates that a presumptuous prophet is not to be feared. How does the theme of fear relate to those who hear Jesus’ prophetic preaching in the Gospel of John? Is Jesus feared, and if not, who is feared, and for what reason? Instead of ignoring Jesus as a presumably false prophet, why do some criticize him and his hometown anyway? And how are those who call for Jesus to be put to death for speaking presumptuously portrayed when it comes to their pious practices towards the God of Israel? This episode explores these overlooked topics in the Gospel of John.

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319: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:21-22a

Thu, 07 Mar 2024 04:30:00 -0400

If Deut. 18:21-22 gives a litmus test to determine the legitimacy of a prophet's status, how does the Gospel of John frame the portrayal of Jesus in a manner that both anticipates this test and answers it? This week's episode demonstrates how Jesus' status as the prophet like Moses in whom Yahweh has placed his words is true. By examining the testimony of John the Baptist, the emphasis on the fulfillment of the Hebrew Bible, the things said by Jesus that come true, and the ironic statements by Caiaphas and Pilate, we discern that Jesus is the promised Jewish messiah, not a messianic pretender.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/11pYCT1y3-iXmhpJuQ8eLl5Y6tUgGxY-4ybIWDsMiLOc/edit?usp=sharing

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318: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:20

Thu, 29 Feb 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Although the Gospel of John paints a thorough picture of Jesus as the prophet like Moses (Deut. 18:15-19), many of those who rejected Jesus regarded him as a false prophet who spoke presumptuously in the name of Yahweh (Deut. 18:20). This episode traces the many ways in which the narrative of the Gospel of John is framed around the warning in Deut 18:20, focusing specifically on what Jesus said that led so many to consider him a messianic pretender, resulting in being put to death.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/158SBZImXkF8j7R7omiKbgav-nDLuSXYrVKMH4IUeZWc/edit?usp=sharing

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317: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:19

Thu, 22 Feb 2024 04:30:00 -0400

In our ongoing series that seeks to understand how Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the depiction of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on 18:19. This passage threatens the judgment of God upon those who do not heed the prophet in whom Yahweh has placed his authoritative words and commands. We demonstrate three ways in which those who refuse to listen to the prophet Jesus are called to account in the Fourth Gospel.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZyoIvLB0GvZ06PMpdQbGF694ugS3wD0vUYLB2CsdXoA/edit?usp=sharing

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316: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:18b

Thu, 15 Feb 2024 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue our deep dive into the many ways that the Gospel of John displays Jesus as the prophet like Moses from Deut. 18:15-22, we focus this week on how Jesus speaks all that Yahweh has commanded him. We give attention to the insistence that Jesus' words are actually his Father's words spoken through him, the portrayal of Jesus as the agent who comes in the name of his Father, and the authority bound up in Jesus' name (which his followers can utilize).

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jQ2bI-4FV_4vcwXEicWOm-wfBbceXjgBFnR1jf8LbTg/edit?usp=sharing

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315: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:18a

Thu, 08 Feb 2024 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue our exploration into the many ways that Deut. 18:15-22 has shaped the christological portrayal of Jesus in the Gospel of John, we focus this week on the phrase "I will put my words in his mouth" from Deut. 18:18a. We note the frequency in which Jesus openly admits that his words are not his own, rather they belong to the God who commissioned him. We also look at several witnesses in the Gospel of John who attest to Jesus' prophetic activity. Lastly, we observe how those who accept Jesus the prophet are also accepting the one who sent him as his agent.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uSLmVLfmAqo4eipQKce749Mn_np5-58Fbz0L5-kbn3U/edit?usp=sharing

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314: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:15b

Thu, 01 Feb 2024 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode continues exploring how the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as the prophet mentioned in Deut 18:15-22. Having already observed how Moses anticipates the Johannine Jesus, how Jesus is explicitly described with the title "Prophet," and the insistence that Jesus is a fellow human member of the people of Israel, we can turn our attention to the second half of Deut 18:15 where people are commanded to listen to this prophetic figure. This episode explores the many ways in which the readers of John are encouraged to listen to and obey Jesus, the prophet like Moses, in fulfillment of Deut 18:15b.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HJCSaRdQxoNU3ofBOnEGhS7F7xsLYpU1temXcAFdoJk/edit?usp=sharing

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313: John’s Use of Deuteronomy 18:15a

Thu, 25 Jan 2024 04:30:00 -0400

This week’s episode begins our exploration of the many ways in which the Gospel of John draws upon Deut. 18:15-22 in order to portray Jesus as the prophet like Moses. First, we note how Jesus is frequently introduced as a figure like Moses in John. Second, we take note of the motif where the crowds discover that Jesus is ”the prophet.” Third, we observe how the Johannine Jesus fulfills the requirement of being a member of Moses’ Israelite countrymen--a human being who is a member of Israel.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZFf33EpDaD-jo2RY2GUvrvlNmTp_G3n1hDixxCTbdR8/edit?usp=sharing

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312: Is The Didache Trinitarian?

Thu, 18 Jan 2024 04:30:00 -0400

The Didache is an early collection of the teachings of Jesus, aimed at making disciples. This week's episode will explore what the Didachist--the author of the Didache--taught about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. We explore the ways in which the Didache portrays the relationship between God and Jesus, as well as the meaning of the baptismal reference from the end of Matthew.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hCuuj9uzTUv9fE6ko6KywDS75VpbDfGMebvk94rEtqY/edit?usp=sharing

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311: Is Clement of Rome a Trinitarian?

Thu, 11 Jan 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Clement of Rome is a very important witness to the character of early Christianity, particularly because he is the earliest extrabiblical Christian author whose writings have survived. What did Clement of Rome believe and teach about the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit? This episode combs the Greek text of 1 Clement in order to provide answers to these very important questions.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FeXIrQJgRH3dgR13vzCNM3PZjvk39Flrv1OGOOtBf4E/edit?usp=sharing

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310: Is Jesus the Root or Shoot of David?

Thu, 04 Jan 2024 04:30:00 -0400

Most translations describe the Lamb of God as the "Root of David" in the Book of Revelation. A root, however, is something that comes before the tree. Does the title "Root of David" prove that Jesus preexisted David? This episode explores this overlooked title and attempts to make sense of what John the Revelator intended to convey to his original audience.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipy6FKttDKE2IEF8A0VFs97GFiCONXKK0eN9LD3We7g/edit?usp=sharing

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309: Did Jesus Have to Be God to Atone for Sins?

Thu, 28 Dec 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Did Jesus have to be Yahweh, the God of Israel, in order for his death to completely deal with the sins of all humanity? Many have been led to believe so, but what does the New Testament teach? This episode explores the intersection of christology and atonement taught by eight different authors of the New Testament to determine if only God could atone for the transgressions of the human race on the cross.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FjUQPsRTWrwvHKl-qClOvgAxunPAK6CANV6OPI0g31w/edit?usp=sharing

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308: Is Jesus the Son of Man in 1 Enoch?

Thu, 21 Dec 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Is the figure described as "Son of Man" in the extra-biblical book of 1 Enoch the same Son of Man we read about in the New Testament gospels? This episode explores 1 Enoch and its portrayal of the "Son of Man" to ascertain its relation to Jesus' favorite title.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D9zBQIKrTLSVysJQ0lALJQjEele_lvTiBziB_SHkGWw/edit?usp=sharing

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307: 5 Things Your Pastor Is Not Telling You About Jesus’ Birth

Thu, 14 Dec 2023 04:30:00 -0400

What truths about the birth of Jesus Christ are most commonly left out of nativity scenes, Christmas plays, and Advent sermons? This week's episode explores five important truths concerning the Son of God that pastors only interested in talking about the incarnation regularly ignore. Each of these biblical truths discussed in this episode is inconsistent with the doctrine of the literal preexistence of Jesus.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FenM4s-qU6d36n_wNouJT4YPP0AjaCgL__fl-93iutU/edit?usp=sharing

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306: The Incarnation of Wisdom in Pre-Christian Judaism

Thu, 07 Dec 2023 04:30:00 -0400

In this week's episode, we listen to the recent paper I presented on the origins of the doctrine of incarnation within the forms of Judaisms that predated Christianity. We carefully examine the Book of Proverbs, the deuterocanonical book of Sirach, the Qumran scroll labeled 1Q20, and the works of Philo, noting how each author illustrates God's personified wisdom as becoming flesh in the lives of noteworthy human beings. It is then demonstrated that the Prologue of the Gospel of John shows dependence upon this Jewish tradition by portraying the Logos--the conceptual synonym of Wisdom--as becoming flesh in the human Jesus. Since the wisdom of God was a personification and not a conscious female person, this collection of data argues against the literal preexistence of Jesus within the Prologue of the Gospel of John.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1z1GRsGBroT2QukrWyA7yKHvQymaSCOTnIf2IlplFR_k/edit?usp=sharing

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305: Were the Opponents of 1 John Jews?

Thu, 30 Nov 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Were the opponents of 1 John Jews who gave up their confession of Jesus being the Jewish messiah, perhaps to rejoin the local synagogue? This week's episode explores this possibility. We look at the arguments in favor of the secessionists in 1 John being Jews as well as the arguments against this interpretation.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Nub7ZJcf1QInCdHJuUP7_skfnYyyf1uekq791ehP3PY/edit?usp=sharing

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304: Did the Opponents of 1 John Downplay Jesus’ Humanity?

Thu, 23 Nov 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Was the significance of Jesus' humanity under attack by the opponents in 1 John? This episode looks at the arguments of two prominent scholars who make this case. We first look at Raymond Brown, who proposes a high christology that didn't value very much the assumed humanity of Jesus. We also hear the reconstruction of Urban Von Wahlde, who suggests that the opponents ignored the importance of the human Jesus' accomplishments because they possessed the (far more valuable) Spirit of God. After hearing these two reconstructions, we look at the weaknesses of their arguments in an attempt to evaluate their merits.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1O1tqeRYsPW1QXYR64qkxtWzxVFtQ3G_WeeEJtewnodU/edit?usp=sharing

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303: Are the Opponents of 1 John Cerinthians?

Thu, 16 Nov 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Is 1 John written to combat the heresies of Cerinthus, the heretic of the late first century CE? This week's episode examines the arguments in favor of 1 John being written against Cerinthus and his followers--those who taught that the human Jesus was a different person from the divine Christ who descended upon Jesus as his baptism, only to separate from him right before his death. After hearing the scholarly arguments favoring Cerinthian opponents of 1 John, we listen to the arguments against this historical reconstruction. Ultimately, you the listener can decide which side makes the most convincing case.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iJ0MGM5jv0wZzQn5SUpAbIryR42x3rOJPV1ePC3zxr0/edit?usp=sharing

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302: Are the Opponents of 1 John Docetists?

Thu, 09 Nov 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Are the opponents of 1 John docetic Christians, namely, those who taught that Jesus only seemed to be a human being who suffered and died? This week's episode looks at the evidence in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as docetists. After defining the term and reading several examples of what believers in docetism taught, we listen to the critiques that some scholars have brought forth against interpreting the opponents as docetists. In the end, you the listener get to decide which side of the debate wins.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10Hgwj9r5F2e1IJPbRBFScdPLSZQtLstekr5BxYjiy1c/edit?usp=sharing

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301: Are the Opponents of 1 John Gnostics?

Thu, 02 Nov 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Were the secessionists in 1 John Gnostics? This episode looks at the arguments in favor of identifying the opponents in 1 John as adherents to Gnosticism. We also look at the arguments against identifying the opponents as Gnostics. In the end, you the listener can decide which side gives the most persuasive case.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1OOKRkCGhkQvF02PXWJfB1_6BLhZ8UuDyaoX1OV1JsfE/edit?usp=sharing

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300: Who Are the Opponents in 1 John?

Thu, 26 Oct 2023 04:30:00 -0300

What is the identity of the opponents mentioned in 1 John? Answer: we are not entirely sure. This week's episode introduces 1 John and the ways in which the author corrects the christology of the opponents. We discuss the three passages that scholars have pointed to in their attempts to determine the identity and beliefs of the opponents. We also briefly sketch out the various proposals for who the opponents might be. Lastly, we discuss how we will carry out our ongoing study of these opponents in the following episodes in our attempt to understand what 1 John has to say about Jesus, the Son of God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F7tVNngMMcFDPf05Svhcfp6f_UP3_T1Zk0CDhPtG-pE/edit?usp=sharing

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299: Defining Gnosticism

Thu, 19 Oct 2023 04:30:00 -0300

What is Gnosticism and who were the Gnostic Christians? While some listeners might have a vague idea of what beliefs define Gnostics, this episode dives deep into the problems with attempts to summarize their teachings. We focus on Ptolemy (student of Valentinus), Justin the Gnostic, and the Apocryphon of John. We also offer some alternative ways to characterize these varied Christian sects.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iMIYv1YIpLuPmr6Fx0m27ZUbQ5QhLzB1JRN6v5mfTks/edit?usp=sharing

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298: 10 Human Beings Who Said ‘I Am He’

Thu, 12 Oct 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Could human beings in Judaism and early Christianity say the phrase "I am he" and mean something other than "I am Yahweh, the only true God of Israel?" This episode explores ten human figures who said, in various languages, "I am he." In each instance, it is clear and self-evident that these speakers were making ordinary, casual, self-referential claims. Furthermore, there is no indication that others regarded these speakers as having committed blasphemy.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GE69Jl6irG-YGNIQKSqS0qjTzhJsCD0znNli3pU2h5M/edit?usp=sharing

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297: The Johannine Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’ (Part 3 of 3)

Thu, 05 Oct 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This episode examines the meaning of the phrase "I am He" (Greek: "ego eimi") in John chapters 9-21. Within these five instances, four belong to Jesus and one belongs to a blind beggar, which brings some nuance to our study. Is the person who says "I am He" claiming to be the only true God within the Gospel of John? Or are there better answers based on the available evidence and context? This week's episode aims to answer these important questions.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NmQea4nFnQTgmw7x0kVQj4XWLMwwU1s32HPnwZLiqwU/edit?usp=sharing

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296: The Johannine Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’ (Part 2)

Thu, 28 Sep 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 8, Jesus makes the claim "I am He" four times, with the final claim resulting in the Jews attempting to stone him to death. This week's episode will closely examine the dialogue between Jesus and the Jews in order to better understand what he meant by the claim "I am He" (Greek: ego eimi). Is Jesus claiming in this chapter to be Yahweh, the only true God, or is he claiming to be God's authorized messianic agent, the son of God?

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Yuse2sP7r1LPxWuAJ8P50yEaULR8rF1rgs_wFs7gtpY/edit?usp=sharing

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295: The Johannine Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’ (Part 1)

Thu, 21 Sep 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode begins looking through all the occurrences of "ego eimi" ("I am He") within the Fourth Gospel, the Gospel according to John. After noting how the narrative regularly distinguishes God and Jesus as two separate beings, we examine the first four instances of "ego eimi," two of which are uttered by John the Baptist and two by Jesus himself. The results indicate that Jesus was not claiming to identify as Yahweh, the only true God. Instead, Jesus' use of "I am He" indicated that he was the Messiah and that the phrase was also a casual, self-designation.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G3QLZ7N1hWKrl11Sdluz46UipjSliJTf8ShxdYIwyTo/edit?usp=sharing

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294: The Lukan Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’

Thu, 14 Sep 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore every single occurrence of the phrase "I am he" (Greek: "ego eimi") in the Gospel of Luke in order to see if any of the speakers who utter the phrase are making a claim to be Yahweh, the God of Israel. We also explore the many ways in which the Lukan Jesus is distinguished from God in ways that never suggest that the two figures have collapsed into a single being.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1COq9uqnwOh_v9mE8Xepdq5br1uiP9QwS-PGiP28jFzo/edit?usp=sharing

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293: The Matthaean Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’

Thu, 07 Sep 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode examines all the instances of people saying "I am He" in the Gospel according to Matthew. We note that Jesus makes this self-declaration (Greek: "ego eimi") twice and each of his disciples also utters the phrase. Do those who say "I am He" mean that they are identifying as Yahweh, the God of Israel? Or is the claim a casual, self-reference that has nothing to do with what God means when he claims the title for himself? This episode breaks down all the data.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qPJ0TAt-4NDh13VYcMdESSscldDfZc-cPombxwBzDK8/edit?usp=sharing

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292: The Markan Jesus’ Use of ‘I Am He’

Thu, 31 Aug 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode examines all the occurrences within the Gospel of Mark where Jesus says "I am he" (Greek: "ego eimi"). We begin by examining whether the narrator distinguishes God and Jesus or whether the two are collapsed into a single being. From there, we set each of the instances where the Markan Jesus declares "I am he" in its context in order to see whether he is claiming to be Yahweh, the God of Israel.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1plERMqGLvzLdyLZUCjqeJypY_1BGQsVZUnNIAtI9PbI/edit?usp=sharing

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291: The Self-Declaration ‘I am He’ in Common Jewish Life

Thu, 24 Aug 2023 04:30:00 -0300

What did Jews think of the phrase “I am he” and how was it used in normal, everyday life? This episode lays out the context for upcoming studies of the four NT Gospels by exploring how the phrase “I am he” was understood, both as a self-declaration of Yahweh to be the only true God and as an increasingly casual self-designation in dialogues between learned Jewish rabbis.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ovkK8iFQYJ1Ts-aLMb4xOY1O8f-jD7a35UbKnG3_ZyM/edit?usp=sharing

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290: The Self-Declaration ‘I am He’ in Isaiah

Thu, 17 Aug 2023 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue our study of Yahweh's famous self-declaration "I am He," we turn to examine the phrase in the Book of Isaiah. This episode will look closely at eight Isaiah passages to better understand what Yahweh means when he repeatedly claims to be "I am He." We also look at how the Jews rendered these Isaiah passages into the Greek of the LXX in order to learn from their translation choices and what they say about God as a single person.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XnIbFJX4WZ1gjxNeOQFag5Po5DAe08IfKpocKCV7pNs/edit?usp=sharing

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289: Examining Yahweh’s Self-Declaration ‘I am He’

Thu, 10 Aug 2023 04:30:00 -0300

What does Yahweh mean when he claims the self-designation "I am he" within the Hebrew Bible? This episode begins a series that aims to explore what the phrase "I am he" means on the lips of Yahweh in order that we might better make sense of what Jesus means when he makes a similar declaration. We examine the first-person reference ("I am he") as well as evidence for the second-person designation ("You are he") before drawing conclusions on the nature of their exclusivity.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1odD1dTmOqTtCc6GxfB8lLK53wviU7kYds2QdVVpYSdU/edit?usp=sharing

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288: Exploring the Triad in Revelation 1:4-5

Thu, 03 Aug 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In Revelation 1:4-5, we encounter our last attempt at the supposedly-biblical Triune God being referenced in the Bible. However, there is a problem with the designation "seven spirits who are before his throne." While some interpreters desperately argue that this is actually a reference to the Holy Spirit, the evidence suggests that these are seven angels. We examine the Book of Revelation anyways to see what it says about God, Jesus, and the Holy Spirit.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Gt6M3mjudt32v0utRZfJ99hRUpJJKdj99adGHJIEw_c/edit?usp=sharing

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287: Exploring the Triad in Jude 1:20-21

Thu, 27 Jul 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Within the small Epistle of Jude, there exists another triadic passage (Jude 1:20-21). However, this passage actually speaks about God, Jesus, and the Spirit--not quite the definition of the triune God eager interpreters often seek. This episode explores what Jude had to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit. We even briefly touch on the controversial verses like 1:4 and 1:5.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nbh1HeB62PjcrxDNT9KzalsS00D-d1weUXm2X53RuWI/edit?usp=sharing

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286: Exploring the Triad in 1 Peter 1:1-2

Thu, 20 Jul 2023 04:30:00 -0300

The opening sentence of 1 Peter mentions the Father, Son, and Spirit together. Is this an implicit declaration of the doctrine of the Trinity or is the Father the God of Jesus? This week's episode explores this triadic statement by placing it in its context to determine what 1 Peter has to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit. We observe that the Father alone is God, Jesus is the highly exalted human messiah, and the Spirit is God's sanctifying gift to believers.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SOEb7XPp5NZjwHZRIbgZlGLR3V76vdWOeO66cw8n8K8/edit?usp=sharing

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285: Exploring the Triad in Hebrews 9:14

Thu, 13 Jul 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Hebrews 9:14 contains another triadic reference to God, Jesus, and the Spirit. Is this evidence of the doctrine of the Trinity? We examine this passage and observe that it actually speaks about Jesus offering himself to the one true God in sacrificial terms, mediated by God's Spirit. We also explore how this triadic passage fit within the theology of the Book of Hebrews as a whole.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L6aBSBK5qtXUQyGbaWcmiTorrANoFBXDz9z5G-jeWXs/edit?usp=sharing

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284: Exploring the Triad in Eph. 3:14-17

Thu, 06 Jul 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore the prayer language in Ephesians involving the Father, Son, and Spirit. Is this prayer a subtle reference to the triune God or is the God addressed here the Father alone--the God of Jesus? We explore Ephesians and discover that the latter option is true.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D99FMw4WElzqH10bRdf1diw3ofz4uPh9Lapy_6Mfvnc/edit?usp=sharing

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283: Exploring the Triad in Gal. 4:4-6

Thu, 29 Jun 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore what Paul means in the triadic mention of God, the Son, and the Spirit in Gal. 4:4-6. Is this a reference to the triune God or is Paul reaffirming his Jewish monotheistic stance? We strive to set Gal. 4:4-6 within the context of the Letter to the Galatians in order to responsibly and charitably interpret what Paul meant for his original readers to understand with his theology and christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tNUv0IQBAlYIF9l1CaZ6hr7rKry_INkw1YFmun1r4oc/edit?usp=sharing

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282: Exploring the Triad in 2 Cor 13:14

Thu, 22 Jun 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the triad present in the final verse of 2 Corinthians. Since the triad does not fit the Trinity's own definition of God and the three persons, we explore what Paul has to say about God, Jesus, and the Spirit throughout the epistle in order to set the final verse responsibly in its overall context.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12m36qpoEkTrEK90cew16aFy3hlnMmMD8lZDiymLT938/edit?usp=sharing

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281: Exploring the Triad in 1 Cor 12:4-6

Thu, 15 Jun 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Our study of the triad passages within the New Testament leads us to 1 Cor. 12:4-6, where the Apostle Paul speaks of the same Spirit, the same Lord, and the same God. While some eager interpreters jump on this reference and claim that Paul was teaching the Trinity to the Corinthians, this episode argues that the meaning of the passage is far more nuanced. Paul instead clearly indicates that God is the Father alone, Jesus is the subordinate human son, and the Spirit is the extended presence and power of the one God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1odkdnHLDWc0ab4YvselxBNKBfyuOlFCJG8uHe4ePiA8/edit?usp=sharing

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280: Exploring the Triad in Rom. 15:30

Thu, 08 Jun 2023 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to explore the various "triads" in the New Testament, we come across Romans 15:30 in this week's episode. What does Paul mean with this call to prayer involving God, Jesus, and the Spirit? Is Paul teaching that the Romans should pray to the Triune God or is there something else going on here? This episode explores this triad and aims to set it in its context within the Book of Romans.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VNB3cQr1ZgggEl6nOW1skg_HTNBc-Bp7NFhPPx5i1IM/edit?usp=sharing

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279: Exploring the Triad in Matt. 28:19

Thu, 01 Jun 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Instead of explaining away or casting doubt on the reference to the Father, Son, and Spirit in Matt. 28:19, why not strive to understand what it does mean? This week's episode begins a new series that aims to explore the triadic formulas in the New Testament, beginning with the Great Commission. We consider that the Gospel of Matthew teaches about God, the Son, and the Spirit before drawing conclusions concerning the triadic reference at the end of the book.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rwbyYycbBUJFnJqaSSOMzfLKr8ITQ6r9Yh1ak0Q6G34/edit?usp=sharing

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278: What Sort of Preexistence is in the New Testament?

Thu, 25 May 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode surveys six NT authors in order to see what sort of preexistence they attribute to Jesus. Do these authors (the four Evangelists, Paul, 1 Peter) regard Jesus as having existed in the plans and purposes of God? What about preexisting as personified wisdom/word? Can a NT author believe both of these things without contradiction? Is there any evidence that these authors regarded Jesus as having literally preexisted his birth? These are the sort of questions this episode encourages interpreters to ask as we nuance the topic of preexistence to take into account all of its possible meanings.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Osz9orl2sU4SoAZPLVHNChaYevKppnhEi2hptUlINrk/edit?usp=sharing

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277: Different Types of Jewish Preexistence

Thu, 18 May 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores how Jews described the concept of preexistence. We note that "preexistence" is not a single concept, but rather we observe from several Jewish texts that preexistence can mean three different ideas: preexisting in God's plans, preexisting as a personified attribute (e.g., word and wisdom), and literally preexisting. This study aims to encourage interpreters to think more critically about the way we talk about preexistence, rather than to assume that it only refers to a single defined concept.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tVqk107QDYkFkaWMjqXJZJrIPt-sPwM4Uahkw71AHQ8/edit?usp=sharing

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276: Wisdom and the Preexistent Rock (1 Cor. 10:4)

Thu, 11 May 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Did Jesus Christ preexist as a rock? In this week's episode, we explain what Paul means in 1 Cor. 10:4 by first identifying the wisdom Christology in his letter. We then turn to place his discussion of the nourishment-giving rock in its Hellenistic Jewish context. Lastly, we charitably interpret the way in which Paul describes Jesus before he was born (i.e., typology). As we come to better understand and grasp Paul's wisdom Christology, we can discern that the attributes and characteristics of God's personified wisdom are now deployed to illustrate Jesus Christ--the human embodiment of God's wisdom.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fqW0pjUHfyJByOmb69p-tf7Xp44gVj_BD4tDH5q9sMI/edit?usp=sharing

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275: “Is Jesus Yahweh?” Debate (Closing Statements)

Thu, 04 May 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode gives another listen to our recent debate's closing statements. If you do not have time to listen to the debate in its entirety, my closing statement summarizes what took place, the strengths of our position, the inadequate attempts by our dialogue partners to address our key points, the weaknesses of their position, and a call to the audience to seek the more logical of the two options presented.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iaL6-6Z93ArEr5hgvxCGbe4WtaECE1aswE_901HxuvM/edit?usp=sharing

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274: “Is Jesus Yahweh?” Debate (2nd Cross-Examination)

Thu, 27 Apr 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we listen to the second round of cross-examination from our recent debate on whether Jesus is Yahweh (to which we argued the negative position). My debate partner Will Barlow asked the questions and I took the role of answering the questions offered by the affirmative side.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TQN9x86oo3aCdEISWIZuKlsq4WBFWBBJZZyLX4M3vdM/edit?usp=sharing

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273: “Is Jesus Yahweh?” Debate (1st Cross-Examination)

Fri, 21 Apr 2023 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the first round of cross-examination questions from our recent debate on whether Jesus is Yahweh. My partner Will took the lead in asking the questions to our two dialogue partners while I took the lead in answering their questions. This is the first of two rounds of cross-examination (round two will be in next week's episode).

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nCDuRqOmd1GJb4O4ptlLdP4Nte_HZjxDeYP9tcuq9Fs/edit?usp=sharing

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272: “Is Jesus Yahweh?” Debate (Rebuttals)

Thu, 13 Apr 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we will listen to the rebuttal round of our recent debate on whether the Bible teaches that Jesus is Yahweh. We argued against the proposition. In addition to hearing both rebuttals (one from each team), I discuss our strategy in organizing our refutation of their opening points. If you listen carefully to their rebuttal, they fail to respond to many of the seven initial points that we demonstrated in our opening statement.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MRGWmTFpQi0WwiKRrZJ57O-W4HsW9Had8SFwC9C8n3k/edit?usp=sharing

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271: “Is Jesus Yahweh?” Debate (Opening Statements)

Thu, 06 Apr 2023 04:30:00 -0300

Pastor Will Barlow and I recently participated in a live debate on whether the Bible teaches that Jesus is Yahweh. Will and I argued for the negative, while our dialogue partners--Kyle and Samuel--graciously argued for the affirmative. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast recalls the two opening statements from the debate. Check out the notes of this episode for the transcript of our opening statement (which Will and I wrote together). Next week's episode will feature the rebuttals of the two opening statements, with me offering the rebuttal for our side of the debate.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j-ZgDWILP9XiHZOqL4tomjP1DHu4wNcnpmfuSnCZrpg/edit?usp=sharing

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270: Micah’s Messianic Ruler

Thu, 30 Mar 2023 04:30:00 -0300

In our final episode exploring the messianic expectations set forth in the Hebrew Bible, we dive deep into Micah chapter 5. This passage talks about a coming ruler to be born in Bethlehem in order to shepherd the children of Israel. We explore the origins of this messianic ruler, the ways in which Yahweh empowers this coming king, and the influence of Micah 5 upon the NT authors as they illustrate Jesus' birth and kingly role.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jV9H0QXQNk_HUXIJliuSsUf4bSiIxPP7dLPf2QbGvzU/edit?usp=sharing

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269: Daniel’s Messianic Rock

Thu, 23 Mar 2023 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to explore the passages in the Old Testament that shaped the expectation of the Jewish messiah, we come to the Book of Daniel. In this work, the prophet interprets a dream by Nebuchadnezzar regarding a rock that crushes a large statue of kingdoms. This episode will look into how this image of a rock came to be understood by interpreters as the messianic son of God, after which we will look to see if Jesus himself possessed this interpretation in the Gospel of Luke.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kec32csijlYG_YWl-bI8l9oKtLzJZwd8WhWFxW7HamQ/edit?usp=sharing

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268: Ezekiel’s Messianic Shepherd-King

Thu, 16 Mar 2023 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to look into the Hebrew Bible for clues about the promised Messiah's description, role, and relationship with the God of Israel, we come across Ezekiel 34 and its prophecy about the Davidic shepherd-king. We explore how Yahweh is the true shepherd and how he empowers his servant David--the Davidic messiah--with the divine prerogatives of the shepherd. Then we turn to the New Testament to see how Jesus is illustrated with the God-given role as the shepherd of God's flock.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D4N3yXtl83E5fWOZNdlb9iPhtMrORvTXxpyj5GtIb5U/edit?usp=sharing

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267: Isaiah’s Fourth Servant Song

Thu, 09 Mar 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week we examine the fourth of Isaiah's servant songs, often deemed the Suffering Servant Song (Isaiah 52-53). We look closely at how this figure interacts with kings and his sinful countrymen, as well as his relationship with Yahweh. We then turn to explore at how the authors of the New Testament depict Jesus Christ as the Suffering Servant in his ministry, death, and resurrection. Lastly, we consider whether the christological passage in Philippians 2 depicts Christ Jesus taking the form of Isaiah's suffering servant.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_Yu0YcdaQdfq0L4JhiNQxKJtaq4aHfLHw9pOQI8XIFY/edit?usp=sharing

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266: Isaiah’s Third Servant Song

Thu, 02 Mar 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode explores the third Isaianic Servant Song, located in Isaiah 50. This passage describes both the obedient nature of the servant to Yahweh, while also highlighting the ways in which he is rejected and humiliated by his peers. We then turn to the New Testament to note the impact that Isaiah 50 has had on the portrayal of Jesus as humiliated during his crucifixion, as one who is obedient to the only true God, and one who demonstrated nonviolent endurance.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g0wcfINjTyQzDthxILjDRAcaX9oCym_LUoCW6f6s1iM/edit?usp=sharing

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265: Isaiah’s Second Servant Song

Thu, 23 Feb 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores the second Isaianic Servant Song, located within Isaiah 49. This passage speaks of a servant created by Yahweh in the womb who has the destiny of restoring the children of Israel as well as being a light to the ends of the earth. We also take time to consider how the NT authors, especially Luke, the writer of Hebrews, and John the Revelator, draw heavily upon Isaiah 49 in their Christian portrayals of Jesus the Jewish messiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LkpEXS5DFrahptCgXxdqKmO6X9Iyuiyf1bIU3L6C3fA/edit?usp=sharing

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264: Isaiah’s First Servant Song

Thu, 16 Feb 2023 04:30:00 -0400

In the first of Isaiah's famous Servant Songs, the chosen servant of Yahweh has a spirit-enabled mission to be a covenant to the people and a light to the Gentiles. This episode explores the original meaning of this servant song and the ways it was adapted to illustrate Jesus Christ by the NT authors.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1y-ce6i6uNrYWgYBAVh4pn-MJfWkvngZtbfNHbPewkxw/edit?usp=sharing

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263: Isaiah’s Messianic Cornerstone

Thu, 09 Feb 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode explores the ways in which Isaiah 28:16 and its portrayal of the cornerstone in Zion was interpreted in Judaism and early Christianity to refer to the son of God--the royal Messiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wCRwiIcxioh7c-fX3KI7lrg0Zrb9JYdEciUAhlzcEeM/edit?usp=sharing

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262: Isaiah’s Messianic Branch

Thu, 02 Feb 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode explores the "Branch" imagery used for the royal Davidic king within the Book of Isaiah. Our first reference illustrates this figure as a descendant of Jesse, David's father. We also look at a similar reference that associates this Branch with Yahweh, and in doing so, we examine the possible ways that this reference came to possess the characteristics of a bright shining star. Finally, we look into the New Testament to survey the manner in which Jesus is the Son of David, bearing the characteristics of Isaiah's messianic Branch figure.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qg-o_yGqqnM-X4HzTE0Vczuu6UJ0X0cAdljddp3MOmA/edit?usp=sharing

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261: Immanuel in Isaiah and Matthew

Thu, 26 Jan 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode looks at the prophet Isaiah and his oracle concerning Immanuel. We explore the meaning of Immanuel in Isaiah's context and in Matthew's context. After considering the messianic relevance of Isaiah 7:14, we examine the meaning of "with us is God" in light of Matthew's Wisdom Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YFMNC7OFnwT16kHJmmxwMXkK2NQXVOztJ52-4F2ZkXw/edit?usp=sharing

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260: Did Song of Solomon Influence NT Christology?

Thu, 19 Jan 2023 16:30:00 -0400

This week's episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast asks if the erotic Song of Solomon had any influence on Jesus' self-understanding and on the NT portrayal of the Jewish Messiah. Our study looks for traces of influence of the Song of Solomon upon Jesus' role as the bridegroom and his interaction with two women in the Gospel of John.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Wc2qMOAmc65reCSUlIQD-zGNAOaVxlFBNeCyJjiaXGg/edit?usp=sharing

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259: How Proverbs 9 Influenced NT Christology

Thu, 12 Jan 2023 04:30:00 -0400

This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores how the Jewish sages portrayed personified wisdom alongside personified folly in Proverbs chapter 9. We then turn to note the many ways that this illustration of God's wisdom impacted the historical Jesus and the early Church in their messianic understandings, namely by seeing Jesus as the embodiment of Lady Wisdom.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1nxbQB32e4esxSEH8U3xTSnuMtVCbzQndWda48t6pp_A/edit?usp=sharing

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258: How Proverbs 8 Influenced NT Christology

Thu, 05 Jan 2023 04:30:00 -0400

Proverbs chapter eight contains the most heightened picture of personified wisdom within the Hebrew Bible. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast examines this chapter, discusses the portrayal of Lady Wisdom, and explores how the New Testament authors understood Jesus Christ as embodying many of personified wisdom's characteristics.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TNGzClC9FC6-CfSBmve2JU7qMaj-NwXeLrOliiDaDDg/edit?usp=sharing

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257: How Proverbs 3 Influenced NT Christology

Thu, 29 Dec 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Proverbs chapter three had a massive impact on Jesus himself and on the NT writers who portrayed him as the locus of God's wisdom. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores the portrayal of personified wisdom in Proverbs chapter three and notes many of her traits and qualities. Next, we turn to the New Testament to see six discernable ways in which Jesus functions as the embodiment of God's wisdom (without indicating that Jesus consciously preexisted his birth). We also speculate on why the Gospel of John is so interested in presenting a fully-fledged Wisdom Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e6Qh1aqQeJb7tV0Dz82MaPw3iiHpi-ByiNARM_qTlQ0/edit?usp=sharing

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256: How Proverbs 1 Influenced NT Christology

Thu, 22 Dec 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Little do most readers of the Bible know, the Book of Proverbs significantly shaped the way that the New Testament writers characterized Jesus Christ. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores the first chapter of Proverbs and its depiction of the wisdom of God as a personified female figure. After examining wisdom in Proverbs 1, we offer some suggestions on ways in which the chapter influenced the NT picture of the man Jesus Christ. We even discuss the nature of preexistence in terms of its dependence upon the Jewish wisdom texts.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CSfsU9aeHN1v3L4cxZiw-vlIU35tyi8_VbCrZ7C5u2g/edit?usp=sharing

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255: The Messiah in Psalm 132

Thu, 15 Dec 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Psalm 132 longs for a time when the Davidic kingship will be restored by God. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast looks at the contents of this oft-neglected psalm in order to better understand the implications behind the strong New Testament commitment to portraying Jesus as the Son of David. We will, furthermore, consider how this messianic title further defines the humanity of Jesus and his position within the human race.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wXczk1dmBZLIEhu7Kt5BjpmDcAy6zE3uemtmkdm21p8/edit?usp=sharing

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254: The Messiah in Psalm 118

Thu, 08 Dec 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Psalm 118 was deeply influential upon the New Testament writers in portraying Jesus as the rejected Son of God, but originally it was a temple psalm that celebrated the battle fought by the psalmist. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores Psalm 118, first in its original context and then in the way it was used by the NT authors. We also explore the messianic pun with the stone and the son as well as the ways in which Jesus is portrayed as the agent of Yahweh because of this psalm.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MMBxpP9Fl9RCzoi7KoOWvp5Z_CGtIDNDNdF51FPqZ9M/edit?usp=sharing

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253: The Messiah in Psalm 110

Thu, 01 Dec 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Psalm 110 is arguably the most impactful passage upon New Testament Christology. This episode examines the psalm and its contents and discusses the differences between the two lords. Afterward, we explore some of the many ways in which the various New Testament authors portrayed Jesus Christ as the exalted lord at the right hand of Israel's God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1m4Ug25cCC7963z0LrPbiuXMrrgN1BF1Uyfw4FhKsdK4/edit?usp=sharing

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252: The Messiah in Psalm 89

Thu, 24 Nov 2022 04:30:00 -0400

This episode examines the messianic implications contained within Psalm 89--a psalm that expounds the Davidic covenant between Israel's God and the regent David. We explore how God shares his prerogatives and authority over the chaotic waters with the Davidic king and the vital relationship between the human king and God. Lastly, we look at the various ways in which Psalm 89 has impacted the messianic outlook of the NT authors.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ztBLjR51GL1R9u7nxiCsLzi7O2FMBE3FbGiCdjaGHts/edit?usp=sharing

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251: The Messiah in Psalm 72

Thu, 17 Nov 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Psalm 72 impacted the expectation of the Israelite Messiah in many noteworthy ways. This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast explores the contents of Psalm 72, notes how the human king is empowered by the God of Israel, and observes how the contents of the psalm shaped the messianic expectations in the Babylonian Talmud and in the New Testament, especially pertaining to the subject of preexistence.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e83khYId_Sn-uYTKtP52Y7LzNsW0-Xn_jCLwR26LjBk/edit?usp=sharing

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250: The Messiah in Psalm 69

Thu, 10 Nov 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Psalm 69 might not be the most popular psalm in the collection, but it was highly influential upon early Christians as they framed Jesus Christ as the crucified and risen messiah. This episode explores Psalm 69, examines the subject as a persecuted righteous person, and takes note of the relationship between the psalmist and the God of Israel. Then we turn to the many New Testament authors who drew upon Psalm 69 to illustrate Jesus, the church, and those who reject Jesus' gospel.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1as6MV5FCtLVXMjgH8taoHLxRVVCkNK-B4BH0QifrUe0/edit?usp=sharing

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249: The Messiah in Psalm 45

Thu, 03 Nov 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Psalm 45 proves to be yet another remarkable passage that inspired early interpreters in their understanding of the Messiah. This psalm is a love song sung towards the human king--a royal groom who is highly empowered by the God of Israel's attributes, prerogatives, and authority. This episode looks at three ways in which the Gospel of John draws upon Psalm 45 in order to portray Jesus Christ distinctively. Furthermore, we look at the citation from Psalm 45 in Hebrews chapter one, which addressed the human Jesus as functionally God in the same way that Psalm 45 describes the royal groom as functionally God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Osmb0xMBluRgdk71sDc3nkwppghGLYahI8fLZ_GE7dI/edit?usp=sharing

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248: The Messiah in Psalm 40

Thu, 27 Oct 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode looks at Psalm 40 and the ways in which the New Testament authors drew upon this psalm to portray Jesus Christ as one who was faithful to God, resulting in the sacrificial death of Jesus. Psalm 40 illustrates the life of a faithful Israelite whose ear is opened to obeying the will of Yahweh, his God. This obedient orientation is highlighted in the psalm over the offering of various sacrifices. The Gospel of John picks up the theme of Jesus' obedience to God while the author of the Book of Hebrews draws on this discussion of sacrifices to insist that Jesus' body is the once and for all offering needed.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gkGSQosSQkftvlO5KT3qmqyULNOvMz1_bXYIY-raDaM/edit?usp=sharing

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247: The Messiah in Psalm 22

Thu, 20 Oct 2022 21:40:00 -0300

Psalm 22 was a highly influential passage for early Christians as they tried to understand the death of Jesus as well as the God who delivered Jesus from the grave. This episode explores the impact that Psalm 22 had upon both the historical Jesus and the writers of the New Testament. In doing so, we observe how Jesus has a God, how Jesus is a genuine human being, and how God delivered Jesus from the crisis of death.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qs8_aPQB4NrfeohMoYXG1OHwrjZSdsOzRlZHsILF6UI/edit?usp=sharing

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246: The Messiah in Psalm 16

Thu, 13 Oct 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode examines the contents of Psalm 16 and the ways in which it influences the NT author's christological understanding of Jesus. While the psalm originally petitioned God for protection from death, the writers of the New Testament saw an application in the death and resurrection of Jesus--the Holy One of God. We explore how the psalm addresses and understands God, how the psalm highlights Jesus' full humanity, and the relationship between Jesus and the God of Israel.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1COCErgAOih7kyZJI6pifVmf6YoDv5HM2sY5NZcpgV4I/edit?usp=sharing

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245: The Messiah in Psalm 8

Thu, 06 Oct 2022 04:30:00 -0300

As we turn to Psalm 8 in order to explore how it shaped the messianic expectations of early Jews and Christians, we note in this episode the various ways in which the passage draws upon Genesis 1 and its portrayal of the creator God and Adam. We also look into the ways in which Yahweh shares his privileges and prerogatives with human beings, as well as the ways in which God has done the very same with Jesus Christ in the New Testament. Lastly, we look at two prominent authors who cite Psalm 8 in order to describe Jesus' activity precisely as a human being.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gJCtP8bMbdOEN5YViDHo9cnJvESmY_EXNKKWuBRjOjQ/edit?usp=sharing

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244: The Messiah in Psalm 2

Thu, 29 Sep 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the highly influential Psalm 2. This psalm introduces "the Christ" as Yahweh's anointed king, the son of God. These titles proved to be impactful to early Christians in their understanding of Jesus, his role, and his relationship with the God of Israel. After exploring Psalm 2 in its original context, we look at three significant ways in which Psalm 2 reappears in the pages of the New Testament and what it means for our understanding of God and Jesus.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1M7NYx2ypJYDxuYuYyYYn44If_A7nbQgA0OfLwtq4NMs/edit?usp=sharing

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243: The Davidic Son of God

Thu, 22 Sep 2022 04:30:00 -0300

The Davidic covenant is arguably the most influential OT passage for New Testament Christology. This episode explores the contents of God's treaty with King David, examines the qualifications of David's royal descendants, looks into how the biblical chronicler understood this covenant, before turning to the New Testament to get a glimpse at some of the ways in which Jesus Christ is portrayed as the rightful heir of the covenant promises.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C-I5At5uYY5F5TeHAna9rBjSC5QcNI2SLK0eKamGpDk/edit?usp=sharing

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242: The Prophet Like Moses

Thu, 15 Sep 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the "Prophet like Moses" from Deuteronomy. This authorized and empowered spokesman for God is a member of the children of Israel (i.e., a human being), a bearer of the words of Yahweh, and one who speaks in God's name. There is evidence that the author of 1 Maccabees still looked forward to this highly authorized prophet. The New Testament, particularly the Gospel of John and the Book of Acts, attributes the role of this prophet to Jesus Christ, making him the Israelite spokesman for Yahweh whom the people must listen to and heed.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19ij5elPgv5xMxH1XkwfUKuZFMC1qWo5i7l_97cvdO0U/edit?usp=sharing

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241: The Scepter and the Star

Thu, 08 Sep 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In our ongoing study of messianic references within the Hebrew Bible, we explore Numbers 24:17, which speaks of a promised star and scepter coming forth from Jacob. We look at how Jews understood, interpreted, and applied this passage before we make some suggestions about how the NT authors might have attributed this reference to Jesus Christ.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wYh2XV34-GsAgZ45J0mjldCbKVquhojuutrgPlBKNKI/edit?usp=sharing

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240: The Lion From the Tribe of Judah

Thu, 01 Sep 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore the messianic implications of the promised Lion from the Tribe of Judah. We look closely at this figure, noting his worthiness to be worshipped, his royal status as a king, and his warrior imagery likened unto a lion. Furthermore, we ask what might the reference to Shiloh mean by discussing scholarly views on this strange phrase. Then we explore how the NT authors depict Jesus as the lineal human descendant of Judah, and even the Book of Revelation calls Jesus the Lion from the Tribe of Judah, albeit defined as a nonviolent conquering figure.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Hnep5jMy3OUo2z5HUZVVpnOnJ3t8RPD0_OqTPAyG9SY/edit?usp=sharing

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239: Who is The Seed of Abraham?

Thu, 25 Aug 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Who is the promised seed of Abraham? Is Abraham's seed a reference to his family or to the promised Jewish messiah? This episode explores the messianic prophecy concerning the seed of Abraham, looking at the original basis for the promise, the ways in which NT authors interpret the "seed of Abraham," and the implications for Jesus' genuine humanity as a member of Abraham's promised family.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1GJvi5RkL80c0V1XFyW-HNbYzYhQGxlAyCOvtN-VKato/edit?usp=sharing

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238: Who is The Seed of The Woman?

Thu, 18 Aug 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In a new series exploring the contents of various messianic prophecies within the Hebrew Bible, we begin with the so-called Protoevangelion in Gen. 3:15. We discuss the potential meanings of the woman's seed as well as the serpent's seed. Afterward, we look into the New Testament to see how its authors draw influence from Gen. 3:15 in various ways. We also try to figure out when exactly was this passage interpreted by Christians to refer to the coming Messiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1W5QJ6VmwtMd4xeT5t2G7ev1JG0hEzQBBGWbwA4Cm2M0/edit?usp=sharing

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237: Does Jeremiah Call the Messiah “Yahweh”?

Thu, 11 Aug 2022 04:30:00 -0300

The prophet Jeremiah apparently designates the promised Davidic king as bearing the name Yahweh. This episode explores what this means in light of the Davidic king's humanity, the manner in which God invests the king with prerogatives and privileges, the practice of giving new throne names to kings, and the promise of reversal of fortunes that the Davidic king will bring to the state of affairs left by Zedekiah.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1NsKLlNB_AcZMjQzJsjfJvWwxua1N5PZgYM-ED1O1P-g/edit?usp=sharing

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236: What is a Mediator?

Thu, 04 Aug 2022 04:30:00 -0300

The noun "mediator" appears six times in the New Testament, most famously in 1 Tim 2:5, which depicts the human being Jesus as the mediator between the one God and humanity. Modern definitions of a mediator include a person who attempts to make people involved in a conflict come to an agreement; a moderator, a counselor. But what did "mediator" mean when these texts were written in the first century? This episode explores the Greco-Roman concept of the mediator in order to more efficiently interpret these six NT texts in their historical context.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZYhYE088JN7-aIlUexuUTl4E6jSP3z8XvizutlXPh5Q/edit?usp=sharing

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235: In What Way is Jesus the Same Yesterday, Today, and Forever?

Thu, 28 Jul 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In Hebrews 13:8, we read that Jesus Christ is the same yesterday and today and forever. What exactly does it mean? Theologians on the internet are convinced that refers to Jesus' ontological immutability with the Father, according to the post-biblical creeds. This week's episode will explore this passage and seek to understand how this passage is true while still acknowledging that Jesus was born, became obedient, died, was raised, and became the high priest (which are obvious changes his Jesus' life).

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P_Td_SDtel7Ch9a-XBTrOg0JA7RKeYuMn_WuGD_CoPo/edit?usp=sharing

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234: Is Melchizedek Jesus?

Thu, 21 Jul 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Who is Melchizedek, King of Salem? Some have argued that this figure from Genesis 14 is actually a pre-incarnate appearance of the Son of God. This week's episode will explore the enigmatic figure of Melchizedek by examining all of his appearances in Scripture in order to better understand his relationship with the High Priest Jesus Christ.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PNm57QoZzwoyJBA0bi0hhUW3vBxTqNW08L-I_ixK2eQ/edit?usp=sharing

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233: Did Isaiah See Jesus (According to John 12)?

Thu, 14 Jul 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 12, two citations from Isaiah are offered to explain the rejection of Jesus' signs. Many have argued that the citations from Isaiah also prove that Isaiah saw Jesus consciously preexisting in his visions. This episode explores the two quotations from Isaiah in order to determine their function in John 12 and the manner in which Jesus' glory is portrayed therein.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13rlEI6LsrL_SY23VI_MSzP9hEbFHjxBtEISFcmIBWbM/edit?usp=sharing

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232: The Suffering Human Servant in Isaiah

Thu, 07 Jul 2022 04:30:00 -0300

There is no denying that the New Testament authors portrayed Jesus in terms drawn from Isaiah's Suffering Servant. It is rarely asked, however, who the servant figure is according to Isaiah and how this figure came to be identified with the human Jesus. This episode explores the Isaianic Suffering Servant, its identification, and the ways in which the Gospel of Matthew incorporates these themes into its depiction of Jesus Christ--the suffering human one.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1F99L7RgHmgMDkW8FQEzl7oIIZioE74Ig43UDA9vaIOc/edit?usp=sharing

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231: Atonement and Jesus’ Humanity

Thu, 30 Jun 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Is a human being sufficient to atone for the sins of humanity? In this week's episode, we explore how the New Testament authors portray Jesus as man--a member of the human race--who adequately atones for the sins of the world.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1aH8UL3q2yt7kTslZX3zElqU6if7gt7GOt5dPA1z4XcQ/edit?usp=sharing

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230: Jesus’ Sonship Verified at His Resurrection

Thu, 23 Jun 2022 04:30:00 -0300

While New Testament authors portray Jesus as the Son of God in light of his birth and baptism, the resurrection-exaltation to God's right hand confirms this Christology. This week's episode explores how two NT authors (Luke and Paul) employ "Son of God" language to highlight Jesus' resurrection and exalted status, without taking anything away from the birth and baptism emphases.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eddMroF6fXDzWOBmv0feIdKjDMSwRfI5lPjbAMjW91g/edit?usp=sharing

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229: Jesus’ Sonship Announced at His Baptism

Thu, 16 Jun 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Although Jesus is the Son of God in light of his begetting by the Father, the four New Testament gospels also attribute "Son of God" as a title to Jesus at his baptism. At this baptism, John the Baptist immerses Jesus in water and the Spirit descends to anoint Jesus for his royal messianic task. The voice from heaven confirms that the newly appointed Jesus is the royal Son of God. This episode examines the baptism accounts in all four NT gospels in order to better understand the significance given to this monumental act occurring at the inception of Jesus' messianic ministry.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/130rplfEE0YSbEnJEt7FFEINdcHxrtcLatH9_hkns8LI/edit?usp=sharing

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228: The Son of God’s Birth

Thu, 09 Jun 2022 04:30:00 -0300

Having noted that New Testament authors depict Jesus as "Son of God" in distinct ways, we set out to further explore how this designation relates to Jesus' birth. In this episode, we look at how prominent New Testament authors (Matthew, Luke, Paul) portray Jesus' moment of conception in terms of him being the Son of God. We also explore the implications for the preexistence of Jesus as well as the identity of God--the one who fathered Jesus.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1L7AUtq1NwnUyVUhf8QAn8y_nBmoT19pQyLicjZfb2Pw/edit?usp=sharing

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227: Different Ways that Jesus is Son of God

Thu, 02 Jun 2022 04:30:00 -0300

New Testament authors regularly portray Jesus Christ as the Son of God. However, not all manners of designating Jesus with this vital description are alike. This episode introduces the various ways in which Jesus is the Son of God in the New Testament by examining the writings of Luke (Gospel of Luke and Acts of the Apostles) to see how one author seems to comfortably regard Jesus as the Son of God in three discernable ways.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-MK7MtL3qVbwJN_a_FQ6eSHysx0K8QH_jWYsVpfuuVk/edit?usp=sharing

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226: Did God Change From the OT to the NT?

Thu, 26 May 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This episode examines the NT to see if its authors reimagined the God of Israel or reaffirmed him as he is portrayed in the Hebrew Bible.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wnQtcz3R44WIPa3-LzRduFSjgzK48ETSFJdmDXaFTWE/edit?usp=sharing

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225: Defining Adonai

Thu, 19 May 2022 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode explores the popular noun Adonai as it describes the God of Israel. We define its meaning and show how its form is plural but singular in function. We then look at biblical examples to demonstrate that the authors of the Hebrew Bible employed the title Adonai to depict God as a single person. We also examine whether Adonai is a plural of majesty word and why that is noteworthy. Lastly, we discuss the significance of the long Jewish history of using Adonai as a polite circumlocution for the divine name.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ctOrMNsH7tKgzG_r06lbCVlQg4sDrPuV8js2d3-ubJs/edit?usp=sharing

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224: Defining Elohim

Thu, 12 May 2022 04:30:00 -0300

After Yahweh, the Hebrew word elohim is the most common noun in the Hebrew Bible. This episode explores the word elohim in its relation to the one true God of Israel. We examine the meaning of the plural form and ask what this means when referencing the Israelite God regularly defined as a single person. We also explore the grammatical concept called the "plural of majesty" and look at how it pertains to the plural noun elohim. Lastly, we take note of the noun elohim being used to portray individual authorized human agents of God and draw conclusions from this important data.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16F8nxTakxpX8ePvqnHF__INjus3BPdaxi9couwLqZU8/edit?usp=sharing

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223: Defining Yahweh

Thu, 05 May 2022 04:30:00 -0300

The true God has a name, and that name is Yahweh. This episode explores the person of Yahweh and the ways in which he is portrayed in the Hebrew Bible. We examine if "Yahweh" is even the correct pronunciation of the divine name. We also seek to understand if Yahweh is depicted as the Father alone or if he is a multi-personal God. Lastly, we explore the ways in which Yahweh is differentiated from the promised messianic king.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13blMpZcArHErh7SkmsiKhKCTDzv5ibI8FrgSrvi5-kg/edit?usp=sharing

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222: The Final Misunderstanding in John’s Gospel

Thu, 28 Apr 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In this final episode dealing with the instances of misunderstanding in the Fourth Gospel, we see Jesus telling his disciples about the forthcoming time of grief when he will be taken away followed by a time of joy. Some of the disciples deliberate as to what Jesus means with this cryptic saying. This results in Jesus clarifying the misunderstanding in a manner that redirects readers forward into the narrative, towards the death and resurrection. Lastly, we summarize our findings from this series on the theme of misunderstandings in the Gospel of John.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1yvEydf6pb30B_WYeYnDoplX-3jZazHKeU-DADEbrBRY/edit?usp=sharing

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221: The Father’s Agent, Misunderstood (John 14)

Thu, 21 Apr 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore the confusion surrounding the role and function of the Jewish agent. Jesus tells his disciples in John chapter 14 that they have known and seen the Father, but what Jesus really means is that he himself has been acting as the Father's authorized agent all this time. We also examine some of the ways in which the Gospel of John portrays Jesus as the definitive agent of God--bearing God's roles, works, and authority as an obedient and subordinate human son.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14RE-WYPWV9FtZyKi8dG2eMUIqhAlIgD_U6-jQ-zrdeY/edit?usp=sharing

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220: The Way to the Father, Misunderstood in John 14

Thu, 14 Apr 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore the misunderstanding that arises when Jesus speaks about the way to the Father. Thomas, a well-known doubter, fails to grasp that Jesus is speaking about himself as the way. When Jesus clarifies the misunderstanding of Thomas, he claims to be the definitive way to the Father, following with an equal claim of being the truth and the life. We explore what these characteristics mean for the Christology of the Gospel of John and the manner in which they are deliberately drawn from the poetry about God's personified wisdom in Proverbs.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14r3Jbuc4RBtkVReHTouRNiCXW9S4qhOL6Djh9PkZJ48/edit?usp=sharing

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219: Misunderstood Discipleship in John 13

Thu, 07 Apr 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we explore the conversation on the topic of discipleship that takes place between Jesus and Peter. Peter, who makes a bold statement about his commitment to following Jesus without counting the costs of discipleship, misunderstands Jesus and ends up denying him three times shortly thereafter. This episode also examines what it means for Jesus to be glorified as a martyr, who it is who glorifies Jesus, and how Peter's death is discussed after Jesus' resurrection.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10GnLu2YbSCnfP09fCddt1Oi-_uen4-esOXlKdUNsaIM/edit?usp=sharing

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218: The Misunderstood Son of Man in John 12

Thu, 31 Mar 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In John 12, Jesus declares himself to be the Son of Man who will be lifted up in a manner that causes confusion among the crowds. They fail to understand how the messianic Son of Man--who is supposed to remain forever according to Jewish theology--will be lifted away. Jesus, however, is speaking about his impending death when he will be lifted up on the cross to both die and be glorified. This episode explores the misunderstanding surrounding the act of Jesus being lifted up and considers what Jesus' words might mean for Christological reflection.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kGTZmXkbg7O4-_BTFsTxflba9ARj4GDxs9Pw8wUQKV8/edit?usp=sharing

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217: The Misunderstood Resurrection in John 11

Thu, 24 Mar 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In yet another example of the Johannine theme of misunderstanding, Jesus speaks about Lazarus rising from the grave in a way that raises the question of timing and the identity of the one who is to perform this miracle. In this episode, we look at how Martha misunderstands Jesus and the manner in which Jesus corrects her confusion. We also explore the Christological significance of Jesus' self-declaration to be the resurrection and the life in addition to examining the climactic confession of faith uttered by Martha.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1I_8PhXZFJWxhkeF9F_Ma0rCPkRHyzLrubey-fOBzjjg/edit?usp=sharing

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216: The Misunderstood Sleep (John 11)

Thu, 17 Mar 2022 04:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 11, Jesus attends to his friend Lazarus who has sadly fallen asleep. Jesus' disciples misunderstand Jesus, thinking he is speaking of the natural sleep that takes place each night, while Jesus was actually speaking of the sleep of death. This episode explores the theme of misunderstanding pertaining to the sleep of death and examines the Christological implications of a human being--Jesus Christ--bearing the divine prerogative of giving life to the dead.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Z6B-FFqPWjNs1LMJlz8nIhaABfhUcJ_O_f_yGccW9Mw/edit?usp=sharing

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215: The Misunderstanding About Abraham Seeing Jesus’ Day (John 8)

Thu, 10 Mar 2022 04:30:00 -0400

In the final instance of misunderstanding in John 8, Jesus speaks about Abraham rejoicing to see the day of Messiah. The Jews mishear Jesus and accuse him of claiming to be old enough to have seen Abraham. In Jesus' clarification to the misunderstanding, we come to the disputed text where Jesus states that "I am he" who was before Abraham was born. This episode explores the theme of misunderstanding and how it helps us better understand Jesus' clarification in John 8:58. We also look at the topic of Jewish preeexistence and note two distinct ways it was conveyed in Jewish literature.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PW5DOYMZwH0KPdl6a7z7zJ7_dhYjA2AgBJlMP5MgIlo/edit?usp=sharing

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214: Jesus’ Promised Life, Misunderstood (John 8)

Thu, 03 Mar 2022 04:30:00 -0400

When Jesus promises that those who keep his word will never see death, his Jewish opponents misunderstand him on two points. This episode explores the theme of misunderstanding and the ways in which Jesus is misheard, both in regard to the life he has to offer as a prerogative belonging to the Father and in regard to the identity of Jesus as God's authorized Messiah. We also look at how Jesus agrees with and reaffirms Jewish monotheism, which portrayed the one God as the Father alone.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1AWEoHM2AHzIOaE_CQGqRpzpaP1JFcMCFZeedFw-SWd8/edit?usp=sharing

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213: Misunderstood Freedom Offered by Jesus (John 8)

Thu, 24 Feb 2022 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue to study the many misunderstandings thematically embedded in the Gospel of John, we come across Jesus speaking about the freedom offered by the Son of God. This immediately raises questions about the nature of freedom, what really enslaves humanity, and the definition of a son in comparison to his father. We also discuss the importance of Jesus' claim to be a human being and the Jewish confession to unitary monotheism.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HjSsiThnkRNjyc2rdsjpGCwMAZ-0B8nispb4444jLjg/edit?usp=sharing

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212: Jesus’ Misunderstood Death (John 8)

Thu, 17 Feb 2022 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue to explore the many instances of the theme of misunderstanding in the 8th chapter of the Gospel of John, we arrive at Jesus speaking ambiguously about his own death. In doing so, Jesus introduces the concept of dying in one's own sin and why failing to believe in him will bring about that consequence. As we explore the nature of Jesus' misunderstood words, we come to better understand his messianic role, his relationship with the only true God, and the importance of correctly confessing him with an intelligent christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/17IrVai_8JRLxBUuXFv6sJiDxjRxhurD-eLgmcfGa1yk/edit?usp=sharing

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211: Jesus’ Misunderstood Father (John 8)

Thu, 10 Feb 2022 04:30:00 -0400

As we begin our study of the many misunderstandings thematically presented in John chapter 8, we come across Jesus speaking about his Father. The dialoguing Pharisees seek to understand who Jesus' Father is, assuming that Jesus is referring to an ordinary human father. However, Jesus is referring to God the Father, and by calling God his own Father, Jesus is making a self-declaration to be the Son of that Father--the messianic Son of God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UgX3M6EyYWRjr9zVsMMT2vhVQ39GG621RqLJFJ6tooY/edit?usp=sharing

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210: Jesus’ Misunderstood Ascension (John 7)

Thu, 03 Feb 2022 04:30:00 -0400

This week, we explore the dialogue between Jesus and the Jews that results in a misunderstanding over where Jesus is going (to which he cannot be followed). The Jews seem to misunderstand Jesus on a geographic level as well as in regard to who sent Jesus. We look closely at the misunderstanding, attempt to make sense of what Jesus did in fact mean, and how his words and deeds result in proper Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ddvWIXPmtQP-7tkHlmXibDiXTXnrQnVSuDgUUNX-Cj4/edit?usp=sharing

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209: Eating Jesus’ Misunderstood Flesh in John 6

Thu, 27 Jan 2022 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue to explore the theme of misunderstanding in the Fourth Gospel, we come upon Jesus speaking about the need to eat his flesh. The grumbling Jews misunderstand Jesus by taking his words literally to the point of absurdity. However, Jesus was speaking about the feasting that takes place in the Eucharist meal where those who commune with the Son of Man are able to receive eternal life from the bread of life. In other words, Jesus' intended meaning has much to say about his own self-understanding of Christology and the sacrament of communion.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1alwY3XuzUEriTms_y5KbZKq-ZYL8c-AI22KkKNZhIKo/edit?usp=sharing

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208: The Misunderstood Bread From Heaven in John 6

Thu, 20 Jan 2022 04:30:00 -0400

In another example of the Johannine theme of misunderstanding, Jesus claims to be the bread of life that has come down out of heaven. While the crowds are eager for this food, Jesus was actually pointing to himself as the locus of God's life, offered to those who believe. This episode explores the misunderstanding that took place, what Jesus meant with his statement, and how the self-designation fits into the narratives Wisdom Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bCN2pFHLgstSsNW9ICdp1fQXJujXWvV26-lJRbsRE3Q/edit?usp=sharing

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207: Jesus’ Misunderstood Food in John 4

Thu, 13 Jan 2022 04:30:00 -0400

Having previously discussed the difference between ordinary and spiritual water, Jesus defines his own food as obediently doing the will of Him who sent Jesus. This episode explores this exchange between Jesus and his disciples wherein a misunderstanding takes place regarding the proper meaning of Jesus' food. As Jesus clarifies the disciples' misunderstanding, he refers to himself as an empowered agent, sent to perform the will and works of the true God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dMVN3zlrbSY4z4lGo_p4UGZudV1KuXjl_AVX3zfw20U/edit?usp=sharing

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206: The Samaritan Woman’s Misunderstanding in John 4

Thu, 06 Jan 2022 04:30:00 -0400

In this week's episode, we explore the exchange between Jesus and a woman from Samaria. Jesus' discussion about the gift of living water is misunderstood as a reference to ordinary water, but Jesus is pointing to the gift of the spirit of God as well as to his own unique role as God's messianic agent. We look closely at the misunderstanding offered by the Samaritan woman and her developing christological view of Jesus within John chapter 4.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fxiomhsHcFXoveCLotl2iwZ898ERmP-tVfuJlpTTyEE/edit?usp=sharing

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205: Understanding Nicodemus’ Misunderstanding in John 3

Thu, 30 Dec 2021 04:30:00 -0400

This week’s episode will explore the dialogue between Jesus and Nicodemus in John chapter 3. We look at what it means to be "born again" (and discuss if that is actually the best translation for what Jesus meant). We place the words of Nicodemus into the outline of the theme of misunderstanding, figure out where he misheard Jesus, and what Jesus actually meant. Afterwards, we look further into the conversation to see what a correct comprehension of the theme of misunderstanding might help illuminate the difficult passage of John 3:13.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Jq1UClpY8aliJujtiMXkkLBokkHU0CojfnFnrK3KrnU/edit?usp=sharing

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204: An Introduction to the Theme of Misunderstanding in the Gospel of John

Thu, 23 Dec 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In the Gospel of John, there is a narrative device that scholars call the theme of misunderstanding. This episode will introduce the theme, explain how it functions, talk about what scholars have to say about it, and examine it in a test case involving Jesus and the temple to be destroyed and raised.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19McYR8AWfyQjmETlkPq4Vo-mM7Yy-nWv_bdEd6XQb44/edit?usp=sharing

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203: More Arguments For God Being Only One Person

Thu, 16 Dec 2021 04:30:00 -0400

This episode continues the topic from the previous week, which sought to examine how the one true God is portrayed as a single person in passages of the New Testament that are not typically considered in these sorts of discussions. This episode will explore passages from 2 Corinthians to the Book of Revelation where God is portrayed by the biblical authors as a single self, one person.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1w6tL2ASOn-9BwOyCOBdvL5q3TJhxTd-WAADJF7N97K0/edit?usp=sharing

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202: An Untapped Argument For God Being Only One Person (Part 1 of 2)

Thu, 09 Dec 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In the Greek New Testament, there are many ways in which the true God is portrayed as a single person. While it is common to point to verses stressing God’s oneness and the Shema, there are other ways in which the Greek expresses this important truth. This week’s episode will begin to explore how independent pronouns–both reflective and intensive–are used to highlight the clear fact that God is only one person. We will also look at Greek verbs where God is the subject and the verb is used in the middle voice–indicating that God is doing the action himself–thus further stressing the fact that he is a single person.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1a4nThc22bZXjp1LP8Whb-paDgAgQOM7nW5PpiOpN9So/edit?usp=sharing

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201: An Appeal to Seek Truth

Thu, 02 Dec 2021 04:30:00 -0400

This episode offers reflections from four years of podcasting in the form of ten tips for exploring, seeking, teaching, and discerning truth as we aim to honor the one true God and his human son, Jesus Christ.

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SYlQDV5HfRC9u68HhZmVb0Nd_Ww_cqyI6htEI-yZrpc/edit?usp=sharing

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200: Debate Closing Statements and Reflections

Thu, 25 Nov 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In our 200th episode, we listen to the closing statements from the recent debate on the Unitarian God in the Old Testament, I then bring on Brandon Duke to interview regarding the debate, the arguments therein, and whether there should be further debates in the future. If you would like to see the debate in its entirety, follow this link: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gdmS6_f01VMecx_PxYZmo7y9Lc5GGgjBnyF1sYcubzc/edit?usp=sharing

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199: Second Cross-Examination Reactions in the Recent OT Debate

Thu, 18 Nov 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In this episode, we listen to the second cross-examination portion of the recent debate entitled, "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I offer my hindsight reactions and perspectives on the ways in which Kelly Powers answered my questions, discuss what his answers say about the strength of his case, and offer my feelings about declaring a winner of the debate. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ypNjKAaIPd8whJDL4VIEVNUtX0iUMSEGLt7lT92o68o/edit?usp=sharing

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198: First Cross-Examination Reactions In the Recent OT Debate

Thu, 11 Nov 2021 04:30:00 -0400

This week's episode will focus on the first cross-examination portion of the recent debate "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I also offer some personal reactions to the answers revealed in the cross-examination as well as assess the strength of the opposition position. You can find the entire debate video here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1C8SDeT_2Qd49qBjE1wdoPrkJEWk7IkECJZHaNTznVqM/edit?usp=sharing

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197: Reacting to the Rebuttals In the Recent OT Debate

Thu, 04 Nov 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the rebuttal phase of the recent debate entitled, "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?". I offer my insider strategies for preparing for a rebuttal as well as share my reactions to my opponent's attempt to rebut my opening statement. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/119vYZ5mCfNRxx9ICzxekfgK_4vi4nQ_bWup-emqDNAY/edit?usp=sharing

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196: Reflections and Opening Statements From the Recent OT Debate

Thu, 28 Oct 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode will feature the opening statements of my recent debate on the topic "Does the Old Testament Teach Unitarianism?" with Kelly Powers. I open by discussing my reasons for organizing my opening statement in the manner that I did, my overarching strategy, and a few of my observations. You can watch the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/b0t90eJe0q4

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1agLilpCgdMUjSMDXTyyQWofeBbcKeklcg7mZrOWUytI/edit?usp=sharing

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195: Jesus, The Human High Priest

Thu, 21 Oct 2021 04:30:00 -0300

The author of Hebrews offers a unique contribution to New Testament theology by portraying Jesus as the high priest. This episode explores the theology surrounding Jesus' high priesthood, looking at how the author of Hebrews understands this role and its wider purposes. We also discuss how Jesus came to inherit the position, the ways in which Jesus is qualified, how Jesus' priesthood is superior to Aaron's, and the ways Jesus' role relates to the God who installed Jesus in this new priesthood.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1lt8XRp8yrv_vK5C6vakVwF92pZr_saVZGbXcnI-ftKc/edit?usp=sharing

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194: The Human Jesus in Hebrews Chapter 2

Thu, 14 Oct 2021 04:30:00 -0300

The latter part of Hebrew chapter 2 is one of the Bible's most persuasive and extended arguments for Jesus' humanity. The passage cites two quotations from the Old Testament in order to demonstrate that Jesus has human brothers and sisters. It argues that Jesus was likened to human beings in all things, including mortality, ability to be tempted, and possessing a faithful relationship with God. We also discuss translation issues with a passage that led many medieval interpreters to think that Jesus preexisted as the Son of God and eventually took upon himself human nature--a reading that has been completely abandoned by modern scholars.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MBq9UWKCdYZOx4JMaqfSnBdAPCFT7Dwvx2oaAXKmG44/edit?usp=sharing

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193: Interpreting the Number “One” Christologically in Hebrews 2:11

Thu, 07 Oct 2021 04:30:00 -0300

The grammatically ambiguous reference to the number one in Hebrews 2:11 opens the door for two competing interpretations, both with significant implications for Biblical Unitarians. Does the passage indicate that Jesus and the believers all derive from a single creator--the Father alone? Or did the author of Hebrews intend to portray Jesus as sharing the same humanity as believers? This episode will explore Hebrews 2:11 and its lesser-known ambiguous reference, drawing theological conclusions thereafter.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19v9Bps0A9Af6ysIFNrTsLxJ4rdUb011mrt0Zv3QpVUk/edit?usp=sharing

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192: The Christological Impact of Psalm 8 in Hebrews 2

Thu, 30 Sep 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Although Psalm 8 is cited and alluded to frequently in the New Testament, Biblical Unitarians have only seldom used it in their portrayals of Jesus. This episode looks at Hebrews chapter 2 and its use of Psalm 8 in order to better understand its Christological impact. We discuss the differences between the Hebrew version and the Greek version of Psalm 8, the meaning of the phrase "He made him lower," the importance of God sharing his attributes with a human creature, and the implications of all things being subjected under the human Jesus' feet.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G13L2b06FtmBtCsF2l0wjBuDX4YIS7QYVXZSDyGbxpg/edit?usp=sharing

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191: Making Sense of Hebrews 1:10-12

Thu, 23 Sep 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Hebrews 1:10-12 is one of the most difficult passages for Biblical Unitarians, especially in light of its apparent designation of Jesus as the creator of the heavens and the earth. This episode offers a few suggestions on ways in which the text probably was intended to be understood by the author of Hebrews, focusing specifically on the precise wording of the citation from Psalm 102, the ongoing argument involving Jesus' greatness in comparison with the heavenly angels, Wisdom Christology, and various theological points that are to come up later in the Book of Hebrews.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oLArUII7YSD9PQQqHf35tsjgHw8plZCMgx6Vx7gLJJg/edit?usp=sharing

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190: Worshipping the Son in Hebrews 1:6

Thu, 16 Sep 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Hebrews 1:6 presents some interesting interpretive issues for such a lesser-known passage. We discuss the meaning of the "world" where God led Jesus (and whether this was the first time or the second time this has occurred). We also explore the meaning of "firstborn" in the current argument between Jesus' status and that of the heavenly angels. We also look into how the heavenly realm is framed in terms of the inheritance associated with the age to come in the theology of Hebrews. Lastly, we attempt to find the original source of the quotation cited and understand the significance of angels offering worship to Jesus when they formerly worshipped God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JAFRwS2XoL8zUo2kFpCBtEPh9ToY4ofqwAp3rb_zY4k/edit?usp=sharing

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189: The Coronation of the Son in Hebrews 1:5

Thu, 09 Sep 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Hebrews 1:5 cites two passages from the Old Testament that both speak about God becoming the Father of the Son. Some have interpreted these passages in light of the argument in the Book of Hebrews to refer to Jesus' birth, where Jesus came into existence. Others have suggested that these quotations are referring to Jesus' baptism or even his resurrection/exaltation. This episode discusses the merits of each interpretation and suggests a solution that hopefully flows well with the argument made in Hebrews thus far.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MvITm7_aK9CEE1uKWBj_FkUsM3Y_XrkhTENl3aHNSxk/edit?usp=sharing

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188: Does the Book of Hebrews Depict Jesus as God’s Wisdom?

Thu, 02 Sep 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore whether the author of the Book of Hebrews teaches Wisdom Christology in the opening three verses. We give an honest listen to what other scholars are saying about this possibility, we interact with modern objections, we look at the evidence for allusions to personified wisdom, and discuss the possibility of typology as the probable relationship between wisdom and Jesus.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ipnVvURfsP6Gg8Tpy9nHYi29up0eXW20JQGCSfpspAU/edit?usp=sharing

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187: God and Jesus in the Book of Hebrews

Thu, 26 Aug 2021 04:30:00 -0300

As we begin our study of the Book of Hebrews, we need to identify the main actors--God and Jesus. This episode looks at the person of God, his roles, and the ways in which he interacts with his creation. We also look at Jesus, the various ways he is described, and the difficult passages involving him. Lastly, we explore how God and Jesus interact and are distinguished throughout the Book of Hebrews.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jHPgyheHWPkq0iiw5Y0CSELidJ3_D_Qsh7S-eRtN69c/edit?usp=sharing

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186: The Johannine Comma of 1 John 5:7-8

Thu, 19 Aug 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the history, language, and persons involved in the transmission of the Johannine Comma, which is the textual corruption of 1 John 5:7-8 that mentions the oneness of the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit. The facts presented are organized into ten points.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c0vNA1PVxu3jZHMgb2v5waBIeTmCV9ta9I_aCtukfQ4/edit?usp=sharing

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185: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - (Part 4 of 4)

Thu, 12 Aug 2021 04:30:00 -0300

As we wrap up our study of Pauline Yahweh texts for Jesus, we look at 1 Cor 10:26, 2 Cor 3:16-17, and the future "day of the Lord." David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues that these passages clearly indicate that Jesus is the referent to OT Yahweh texts. This episode looks closely at each of these passages, their OT counterparts, and suggests that Dr Capes is mistaken in these particular instances. I also offer five reflections from studying OT Yahweh texts for Jesus in light of Paul's scriptural habits.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10KZxi6d_BIhmR7bHh2ITgp2Gq59TG4dK5ETK9CSPsZM/edit?usp=sharing

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184: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - (Part 3 of 4)

Thu, 05 Aug 2021 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to understand how Paul uses OT Yahweh passages for Jesus, we note that Paul cites Jer. 9:24 in both 1 Cor. 1:31 and 2 Cor. 10:17. Yet Paul's intent does not seem Christological in either instance. Furthermore, we explore Paul's quotation of Isa. 40:13 for both the Father and for Jesus (allegedly). While it is ultimately concluded that Paul does occasionally cite Yahweh passages for Jesus, the intent does not seem to be for readers to think of Jesus as Yahweh himself.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sdVW7BG0OPdTi4nhnutXq06nvKterQFroj15hge-qSw/edit?usp=sharing

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183: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - Part 2

Thu, 29 Jul 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This week's episode continues to explore the ways in which Paul cites OT Yahweh passages for Christ (and for God). We note that Paul is flexible with some of his quotations, demonstrating that the original referent in the OT citation can come to have a new referent in Paul's letters. We also explore a passage that David Capes, a leading scholar in the field of early high Christology, argues is a OT Yahweh passage used for Jesus. Lastly, we consider how Paul justifies citing Isaiah 45:23 for God in Romans and for Jesus in Philippians.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bQcJFyJtwTy6HC8-48_0_kLbCqpBhuK5-Wl3lOxAJAE/edit?usp=sharing

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182: Paul’s Use of OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - Part 1

Thu, 22 Jul 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we begin exploring how the Apostle Paul used OT YHWH texts for both God and for Jesus. We note how Philippians 2 indicates that God has shared the divine name with the risen and exalted Jesus. We also see another passage referring to Jesus' lordship that indicates that he possesses the shared divine name, which Paul indicates with a YHWH citation from the Old Testament. Lastly, we look at the arguments and conclusions of a prominent scholar who sees Paul's use of YHWH texts for Jesus as evidence of early high Christology.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pqYOUdOOAv8nIcmISQoVgAyyAPJ1zwHVZWwwLyRRk-o/edit?usp=sharing

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181: OT Yahweh Texts for Jesus - An Introduction

Thu, 15 Jul 2021 04:30:00 -0300

The New Testament authors felt comfortable using Yahweh texts from the Hebrew Bible for the human Jesus. Some scholars have concluded that this data indicates that the NT authors identified Jesus as Yahweh, but this is problematic for many reasons. This episode will introduce the concept of OT Yahweh passages used in the NT for Jesus, looking at some examples as well as some helpful parallels in second temple Judaism. We conclude by using Mark 1:3--which cites Isaiah 40:3 for Jesus--as a test case suggesting that Jesus is the authorized and empowered agent of Yahweh.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1s7Mm0AKD9dTkqSGu3wrmmnCkpqIcvNyopGSl_io69eg/edit?usp=sharing

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180: Making Sense of Titus 2:13

Thu, 08 Jul 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode closely studies Titus 2:13--a passage that is often used to suggest Jesus Christ is called "God." Titus 2:13 is a well-known ambiguous passage when it comes to the Greek, and it is certainly possible that Jesus is distinguished from the great God (i.e., the Father). This episode will look at both interpretations, examine the strengths of their arguments, and offer a nuanced reading that takes into account the overlooked reference to God's glory.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jKmwF_BsIfujsjV5FNX9UJR65w17mkJHwdKoZh688Zg/edit?usp=sharing

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179: The Logos and Targum Neofiti

Thu, 01 Jul 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore how the concept of God's "word" (Aramaic: "memra") is used in Targum Neofiti. After surveying the four ways in which this Aramaic Targum interprets the activity of the God of Israel in light of his word/memra, we turn to the prologue of John's Gospel (John 1:1-18) in order to see how the context created by Neofiti's use of word/memra helps us better understand God and his Logos.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18CWkJ59IuYqtt0fu_HWIUVUEQsHVV7V9oojqPc8Ht_8/edit?usp=sharing

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178: The Logos and Targum Onkelos

Thu, 24 Jun 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores how the "Word of God" (Aramaic: "memra") was used to explain the activity of the God of Israel in the Jewish Targum Onkelos. After organizing the various ways that Onkelos understands and uses the "memra" of God in the Torah, we look at John 1:1-18 to see if our reading of that passage is illuminated by the Jewish context created by Targum Onkelos. We conclude that the memra of God in Targum Onkelos is not a preexisting, conscious person alongside the God of Israel.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P-Z6PmGg_Sp8uSUVMzw3Pt6SjWDaAC15jTG3ltHYK_g/edit?usp=sharing

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177: Sacrifices and the Christian God (Part 2 of 2)

Thu, 17 Jun 2021 22:56:00 -0300

In this episode, we continue exploring how early Christians understood Jesus functioning within sacrificial terminology that was reserved for God alone. The Book of Hebrews has a lot to say about Jesus as a high priest and as one who sacrificially offered himself to the one God. We also look at Paul's theology of the death of Jesus to see how the cross is understood in terms of a sin offering. Lastly, we explore the Lord's Supper--the Eucharist--to better understand how this meal was practiced in terms of remembering and even participating in Jesus' sacrifice to God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/15GoI-0DWbTZga7bf_Yzd_eHbUlYJViadtGArfI9h5A0/edit?usp=sharing

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176: Sacrifices and the Christian God (Part 1)

Thu, 10 Jun 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore the function of sacrifices in the Ancient Near East, particularly in the ways they were differentiated from acts of worship and bowing down. Since the gods were understood to be the intended object of the offering of sacrifices and burnt offerings, we are able to examine early Christian "sacrificial" language to see whom they regarded as the true object. We note in our survey that God alone is the object of Christian "sacrifice" language, never Jesus Christ, while Jesus is sometimes the agent through whom sacrifices are made to the one God.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CAoPPx0skTINJtqutW2bQ-lf54YnmdlYJUrsftJpZd0/edit?usp=sharing

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175: Was Jesus a Monotheist?

Thu, 03 Jun 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore a 2004 article written by James Dunn on whether Jesus Christ was a Jewish monotheist. Dunn argues from Jesus' pious upbringing, his teachings within the gospel accounts, and the lasting impact upon his earliest followers that Jesus was, in fact, an adherer to monotheism.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1VX7cCy_OyUDcJAGjTMmTSk49LcaOxcLlY39-MDeCQ_A/edit?usp=sharing

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174: Maranatha and the Earliest Christology of the Church

Thu, 27 May 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore the often overlooked meaning of the phrase Maranatha, which is an Aramaic expression meaning "Our Lord, Come!" We look into the significance of Paul using this phrase without translating it into Greek for his Greek-speaking audience. We also explore the arguably earliest Aramaic targums to see how the noun mar ("Lord") was used to determining whether Maranatha could refer to Jesus as Yahweh. In the end, we conclude that mar is not a way in which the divine name was reproduced in the Aramaic targums, while mar did refer to human masters and superiors.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qRvdWN_nAGCQbGDj54AP8Uza5zz5MWN_hf989rtzNDo/edit?usp=sharing

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173: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 15)

Thu, 20 May 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In the final episode dealing with Mark's Christology, we look at the events surrounding the crucifixion of Jesus. First, we explore the significance of a concentration of "King of the Jews" references in Mark chapter 15, asking why it is that Mark has waited until Jesus' death to associate this royal title with Jesus. Next, we look at Jesus' citation of Psalm 22 in calling God "My God" and discern a noteworthy literary strategy that draws influence from the original psalm. Lastly, we look at the confession of the Gentile centurion--who calls Jesus the human Son of God--and we explore the significance of this admission for Mark's narrative purposes.

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172: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 14)

Thu, 13 May 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In the final days before Jesus' death on the cross, Mark's narrative continues to unpack what it means to be the Son of God. In this episode, we explore the often-overlooked passage where Jesus is anointed with a costly perfume, which arguably furthers Mark's agenda of redefining the meaning of Son of God to include notions of one who dies for the people. Next, we look closely at Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane to better understand the relationship between the Son and the one called "Abba." Lastly, we break down the details in the trial of Jesus, make sense of the connection between the temple and the Son of God, and explain why the charge of blasphemy had nothing to do with a claim to divinity.

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171: The Son is Not Omniscient (Mark 13:32)

Thu, 06 May 2021 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we will devote all our attention to Mark 13:32, where Jesus claims his ignorance regarding the exact dating of the Son of Man's coming. Only the Father knows this crucial date. We examine the implications of this admission by Jesus for Mark's Christology and consider if high views of Jesus fit with the conclusions of this verse. We also survey early Christian interpreters of Mark 13:32 to note the various ways they regarded the passage. Lastly, we conclude by observing a unanimous consensus among modern critical scholars on the plain meaning of Mark 13:32.

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170: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 12)

Thu, 29 Apr 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Mark chapter 12 offers much data regarding monotheism, Christology, and Jesus' relationship to God. In this episode, we first explore the Parable of the Wicked Tenants, where Jesus is sent by God and God is portrayed in an interesting manner. Second, we look closely at how Jesus defined the Jewish God, and in doing so, expresses his commitment to unitary monotheism. Lastly, we explore how to make sense of Jesus' statement that the son of David is also the exalted Lord alongside God.

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169: Mark’s High Human Christology (Ch. 11)

Thu, 22 Apr 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Jesus' entry into Jerusalem entails noteworthy stories regarding his authority and relationship to God. In this episode, we first examine the parodying nature of the triumphal entry and focus on the Christological understanding of the crowds witnessing the event. Second, we look closely at Jesus' actions within the temple and his words towards the new temple community consisting of the disciples. Finally, we explore the nature of the questions from the temple leadership towards Jesus regarding the nature of his authority and from whom he received it.

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168: No One is Good Except God Alone (Mark 10)

Thu, 15 Apr 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode focuses entirely on the initial dialogue between the rich young ruler and Jesus, where Jesus plainly deflects the good compliment and claims instead that no one is good but God alone. While this basic statement made by Jesus clearly suggests that he is not the good God, this has not stopped an army of internet apologists from trying to find ways to get the text to say that Jesus really is the good God. We also look at what modern critical scholars on the Gospel of Mark have to say about this passage and we take note of what appears to be a consensus interpretation among them.

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167: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapter 9)

Thu, 08 Apr 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode looks at the portrayals of Jesus within Mark chapter 9. We first explore the account of the Transfiguration to see if we should conclude that Jesus is either divine or a prophet like Moses. We then turn to look at predictions of the suffering Son of Man and ask what this means and where the Old Testament speaks of the suffering of the Son of Man. Lastly, we explore what Mark possibly had in mind when he said that Jesus has been sent by God, asking if this "sending" language implies preexistence. We test out all of the high christological interpretations of these passages and come to the conclusion that Jesus is the highly authorized human agent of God.

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166: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 7-8)

Thu, 01 Apr 2021 04:30:00 -0300

Mark is able to tell us about his high Christology by using healing stories of Jesus. We first look at the exorcism of the daughter of the Syrophoenician woman, who offers worship to Jesus and calls him "Lord." We then look at the first of two two-stage healing stories to see how Mark frames miracles by involving multiple steps. Just as the first stage of healing was not enough to fully restore sight to the blind man, the first confession by Peter is not enough to fully understand Mark's Christology. We lastly note that Peter, like the blind man, was in need of healing with his faulty understanding of Jesus' messianic role. After all is said and done, we marvel that Mark has repeatedly portrayed Jesus as a highly authorized human agent of the true God.

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165: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapter 6)

Thu, 25 Mar 2021 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the Christology portrayed in Mark chapter six. We first look at Jesus' hometown rejection, where he outright claims to be a prophetic figure. Next, we examine Jesus' claim to be the shepherd of the sheep. Third, we ask about the Christological portrayal of Jesus when he miraculously divides the loaves and the fish. Lastly, we ask what sort of thing is Jesus saying when he speaks of himself as he walks on the water. It is concluded that Mark depicted Jesus in chapter six as a highly authorized and empowered human agent of God.

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164: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 4-5)

Thu, 18 Mar 2021 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to work through the high christological statements in the Gospel of Mark, we come across three fascinating stories. First, Jesus demonstrates authority over the wind and the seas, something regularly attributed to Yahweh. Second, Jesus receives worship from the demonized man. Lastly, Jesus calls himself "the Lord." This episode explores how these exalted things describing Jesus make the most sense as pertaining to one who is authorized and empowered by God.

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163: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 2-3)

Thu, 11 Mar 2021 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue our study in the Gospel of Mark to understand better the highest and most exalted things said of Jesus, we come across some interesting passages. Jesus claims to be the Lord of the Sabbath. Jesus also renames disciples and commissions them in ministry. Furthermore, Jesus redefines the family structure. And yet, Jesus performs all these feats while remaining a human being, a highly authorized agent of God.

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162: Mark’s High Human Christology (Chapters 1-2)

Thu, 04 Mar 2021 04:30:00 -0400

Too often, interpreters interested in Christology gravitate to their favorite verses while ignoring passages used by their opponents. This episode begins a study that examines Mark's Gospel to wrestle with the most challenging things it has to say for the Biblical Unitarian position. We focus on the highest, most exalted claims of Jesus. The goal is to understand better and become more comfortable with all that the Gospel of Mark teaches about Jesus.

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161: The Hallelujah Hymn in Revelation 19

Thu, 25 Feb 2021 04:30:00 -0400

The hymn of worship in Revelation 19 is the only occurrence where the proper name of God, Yahweh, is brought forth into the New Testament within the phrase "Hallelujah." This episode explores this hymn to see what it says about Yahweh, his worshippers, and his righteous acts. We also examine the implications for monotheism as we look at how Yahweh is portrayed in this hymn.

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160: Conquerors Who Worship in Revelation 15

Thu, 18 Feb 2021 04:30:00 -0400

The hymn of worship in Revelation chapter 15 depicts the ideal readers as conquering persons combined with exodus imagery. We examine how worship serves as a means of faithful behavior and why the true God is praised as righteous, holy, and sovereign. Furthermore, we discuss how the Lord God's praise fits within a monotheistic context to gain a deeper understanding of what the early Christians thought about God.

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159: The Victory Hymn in Revelation 12

Thu, 11 Feb 2021 04:30:00 -0400

The fifth worship hymn within the Book of Revelation celebrates the inauguration of God's kingdom and the authority of Jesus. Furthermore, the hymn praises the behavior of the faithful people of God in three specific ways. Since the people of God are thoroughly described in this hymn, it raises the question regarding the intended application of worship. Lastly, we examine the nature of monotheism and how the highly exalted Jesus operates in conjunction with the only true God.

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158: The Consummated Kingdom Hymn in Revelation 11

Thu, 04 Feb 2021 04:30:00 -0400

At the return of Jesus to consummate the kingdom of God, a hymn breaks out within the narrative of the Book of Revelation. This episode examines the contents of the call-and-response hymn (in Rev. 11), exploring how it serves as praise within the context of suffering and how those praised in the hymn would have been understood within early Christian monotheism.

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157: The Hymn to God and the Lamb in Revelation 7

Thu, 28 Jan 2021 04:30:00 -0400

This episode explores the call-and-response hymn in Revelation chapter 7. In doing so, we notice that Revelation's ideal readers are offering worship to both God and Jesus within a single hymn. We discuss the implications of worshipping the Lamb alongside the only true God and suggest that God's identity is not threatened within this worship practice.

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156: Why You Should Worship the Lamb (Revelation 5)

Thu, 21 Jan 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In Revelation chapter 5, the ideal readers initiate a worship hymn to Jesus. In doing so, they detail the reasons for Jesus' worthiness, giving attentive readers a better understanding of why hymnic praise can (and should) be offered to a highly exalted human being. This episode explores the hymn offered to Jesus and encourages its listeners to become participants rather than mere readers.

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155: Hymnic Worship in Revelation Chapter 4

Thu, 14 Jan 2021 04:30:00 -0400

The Book of Revelation offers seven hymns that tell us much about the worship practices of the early church. This episode looks at Revelation's first hymn, located in chapter 4. The object is seated upon the throne, which is repeatedly expressed with singular pronouns and verbs. We also look at how the ideal readers of Revelation are invited to participate in this hymn through active worship practices, by singing about God's unique role as the Creator, and even acknowledging creation's preexistence within God's foreknowledge.

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154: Jesus as the Word of God in Revelation

Thu, 07 Jan 2021 04:30:00 -0400

In Revelation 19:13, Jesus is called "the word of God." Is this a reference to the Prologue of John's Gospel, where the Word is with God in the beginning? Or is the word of God a descriptive reference to Jesus' preaching of the gospel of the kingdom? This episode explores how the phrase "word of God" functions in the Book of Revelation, looking closely at Jesus as a faithful witness of the good news.

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153: The Christology of the Covenantal Groom

Thu, 31 Dec 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The covenant is often portrayed as a marriage in both testaments of the Bible. While the Hebrew Bible regards Yahweh as the covenantal husband, the New Testament unambiguously insists that the husband is now Jesus, God's human agent. This episode explores how both testaments depict the marriage metaphor within the covenant relationship to discern the Christological implications of the husband/groom.

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152: The Unholy and Holy Triads in the Book of Revelation

Thu, 24 Dec 2020 04:30:00 -0400

Biblical scholars and commentaries on the Book of Revelation often portray the three antagonists--the dragon, the beast, and the false prophet--loosely as the "unholy Trinity." The implication is that the unholy Trinity must be the evil counterpart to the "Holy Trinity." This episode explores these concepts and examines whether "trinity" is an appropriate term for the three antagonists. We also look at the parallels between the unholy triad and the holy triad to see if the doctrine of the Trinity is actually presented in the Book of Revelation.

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151: The Leto Myth and Christology in Revelation 12

Thu, 17 Dec 2020 04:30:00 -0400

Revelation 12:1-6 depicts the cosmic struggle between the woman and the dragon. While modern readers are probably correct in interpreting these figures are the people of God and the devil, they often fail to note that this story is a retelling of an ancient mythic fable involving the woman Leto and the dragon Python. This episode explores the Leto Myth and compares it with its Christian retelling in Revelation 12 in order to see the Christology presented for Revelation's readers to adopt.

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150: The Lion and Lamb

Thu, 10 Dec 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The Christology within the Book of Revelation portrays Jesus as both a lion and a lamb. This episode explores these images, asks about their messianic significance, and emphasizes the literary motif where the lamb further defines how Jesus conquered as a lion. The result is that Jesus is thoroughly regarded as a human ruler who descended from a long line of notable Israelite persons.

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149: Jesus Speaks to the Churches of Asia Minor - Part 3 of 3

Thu, 03 Dec 2020 04:30:00 -0400

As Jesus speaks to the Christian communities in Philadelphia and Laodicea, much can be gathered about the Christology presented in the Book of Revelation. Various titles insist that Jesus is a trustworthy and reliable speaker. Furthermore, Jesus differentiates himself from God, who is identified as Jesus' God and Jesus' Father. Moreover, we learn that God has shared his prerogatives of kingship and dominion with the risen and exalted Jesus.

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148: Jesus Speaks to the Churches of Asia Minor - Part 2

Thu, 26 Nov 2020 04:30:00 -0400

When Jesus reveals himself to the churches in Thyatira and Sardis, we learn a great deal about the Christology of the Book of Revelation. This episode explores how Jesus presents himself to these two Christian communities, paying special attention to how he frames his identity in light of the cities' histories and social contexts. Furthermore, we note that Jesus still has a God, the Father of Jesus.

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147: Jesus Speaks to the Churches of Asia Minor - Part 1

Thu, 19 Nov 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The risen Jesus appeared to John of Patmos and instructed him to write what he saw to seven churches in Asia Minor. In these letters, Jesus communicates in ways that reveal much about who he is and his authority. This episode examines the first three letters to the seven churches in Revelation to uncover what we can learn about Jesus. We discover a Jesus that is most clearly understood within a high human christological framework.

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146: The Appearance of Jesus to John in the Book of Revelation

Thu, 12 Nov 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In Revelation chapter 1, the exalted Jesus appears to John of Patmos. John offers readers many descriptions of Jesus that reveal much about his Christology. This episode examines seven of these characteristics from a Jewish theological perspective, a Roman imperial perspective, and a scriptural allusion perspective. We find that Jesus is a highly exalted and exceptionally authorized human being.

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145: Does the Book of Revelation Portray Jesus as God? 2 Test Cases

Thu, 05 Nov 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In this episode, we explore the implications of Jesus being described in terms that associate him with the Lord God. Our first test case examines the combined biblical citations of God being pierced and the Son of Man. The second test case seeks to understand the meaning of the title "Alpha and Omega," which is used by both the Lord God and Jesus. We conclude that Jesus Christ is regularly portrayed as an authorized human being who has received prerogatives, kingship, and glory from the true God.

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144: Introducing the Christology in the Book of Revelation

Thu, 29 Oct 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The Book of Revelation has much to say about Jesus Christ's person and identity. This episode introduces the Christology of Revelation by examining how Jesus is portrayed in the opening verses of the first chapter. We note that Revelation depicts Jesus as subordinate to God, distinguished from God, and faithful to God.

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To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Bt7k4pwMV-SOi-cIq9pcaX7G2FJVKS3KFKo0LSv8IrY/edit?usp=sharing

143: Who is the True God Revealed in John’s Apocalypse?

Thu, 22 Oct 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The Book of Revelation is known for its images and metaphors. This episode explores how Revelation reveals the person and identity of the true God. The most powerful image of God is that he is the one seated upon the throne. This image, which expresses the truth that God is in charge and he is ruling, is later employed within the narrative of Revelation to show that the exalted Jesus shares in God's rule. The Book of Revelation is also clear that the true God is the God of Jesus. We furthermore draw attention to the fact that the one seated upon the throne is to be the God of the intended readers.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10CdK-Sjju0B8KHz9ltCE-YfBUbt3b2S3YlyUmhtNw5w/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

142: Individual Human Beings Expressed with Plural Forms

Thu, 15 Oct 2020 04:30:00 -0300

While the Hebrew concept called the "plural of majesty" described the one God with plural forms in order to heighten his excellence, what are we to make of plural forms used to describe individual human beings? This episode looks at instances in the Hebrew Bible where human individuals are portrayed with plural nouns, not unlike the plural of majesty examples. If plural forms can be used to describe human beings when it is clear that only one individual is in view, then the same conclusions should be drawn when plural forms are used for the Lord God, who is one person.

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To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1c3DR9fxuF_d47RPTYj5rIiGdEhXdRVkE48n3QUFQAt8/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

141: Looking Further into God’s Plural of Majesty

Thu, 08 Oct 2020 04:30:00 -0300

As we continue to examine the plural of majesty, which seeks to explain how Israel's one God came to be expressed in occasional plural forms, we see that God's holiness is poetically depicted in the plural. We also explore references to God as the Creator and even as the covenant husband of Israel, which are sometimes in the plural. Lastly, we find that the plural of majesty has extended into biblical Aramaic sections of Scripture, particularly in regard to God as the Most High.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1WQK19EMVdUx-A--RlO6KrpErIL2UwKLad778dZyLmgI/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

140: God’s Plural of Majesty in the Psalms

Thu, 01 Oct 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The God revealed in the Old Testament is awesome and majestic, but this God is still a single, undivided self--one person. He is expressed in plural forms, like elohim, for intensification purposes, and this is regarded by Hebrew grammarians as the plural of majesty. This episode explores how the plural of majesty is expressed throughout the Hebrew poetry of Psalms, where plural forms indicative of intensification are observed in verbs and multiple references to God's temple dwelling.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PkgFXUizT2s_u6R0u-B9H93-z9zVdBubm31MWv5xJRM/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

139: An Introduction to the Plural of Majesty within the Hebrew Bible

Thu, 24 Sep 2020 04:30:00 -0300

Does the plural form of the Hebrew noun elohim indicate that Yahweh is a plurality of persons? Hebrew grammarians call this concept the plural of majesty--namely when elohim is paired with singular verbs to indicate that God is only one person (not two or three persons). This episode introduces the plural of majesty in order to understand better the significance of plural references to God within the Hebrew Bible.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eUH1N3_o2mafBTM2FrzHMZ7RtptKeg--1hOKPQm126E/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

138: Malachi 3:1 and the Preexistence of Jesus

Thu, 17 Sep 2020 04:30:00 -0300

Apologists who attempt to defend the preexistence of Jesus sometimes suggest that Malachi 3:1 proves their claim. This episode examines Malachi 3:1 to see what it says, if anything, about the preexistence of Jesus. We listen to the wisdom of biblical scholars on Malachi and consider how the New Testament authors interpret it.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11CKws0mTrkaMZHcS8fHWwump57faalbJ0Ef_UItYrGs/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

137: The Miller/Smith Debate on Jesus’ Preexistence - Audience Q&A

Thu, 10 Sep 2020 04:30:00 -0300

This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast lets us tune into the never before released live Q&A that took place after my recent debate on whether Jesus Christ consciously preexisted his birth. You can listen to the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/Nmg_y4q4RsQ.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xB7iDoF8tOo1m1dt88ECESlV4ARTFzRHehJ7Nn9MN6w/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

136: The Miller/Smith Debate on Jesus’ Preexistence - Cross-Examination and Closing Statements

Thu, 03 Sep 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we get to hear the final portions of my recent debate regarding whether Jesus Christ preexisted his birth consciously. In particular, we will listen to the cross-examination and the closing statements. I also offer some insider perspective on why I chose the cross-examination question that I used as well as some thoughts on the conclusion of the debate.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1k9PWcHEd5o2PWojFEsPnEXvdGJVgDbwoXtKIt0xc69g/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

135: The Miller/Smith Debate on Jesus’ Preexistence - First and Second Rebuttals

Thu, 27 Aug 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we listen to the next segment of my recent debate/dialogue with Mr. Eric Miller on the nature of Jesus' preexistence. Eric Miller argued that Jesus did consciously preexist his birth while I argued that Jesus came into existence at his birth. We both have a chance to offer two rebuttals, with Mr. Miller beginning and with me following afterward. I offer some insights and commentary on why I framed my two rebuttals in the manner that I did. Feel free to listen to the debate in its entirety here: https://youtu.be/Nmg_y4q4RsQ

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ENlEgadWg1dXUqpUzoC8tZQNh-fMMxXjjJfHpzRuR8s/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

134: The Miller/Smith Debate on Jesus’ Preexistence - Opening Statements

Thu, 20 Aug 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this week's episode, we will listen to the opening statements of my recent debate with Mr. Eric Miller on the nature of Jesus' preexistence. I also offer a few reflections on the debate. To listen to the entire debate, click on this link: https://youtu.be/Nmg_y4q4RsQ

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XMOlDtwGV3B3atm3YT3S55Z_ONiqe-K_T3m6jHFqv5Q/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

133: The Early Christian View of God in 1 Peter

Thu, 13 Aug 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The first letter of Peter offers much insight into Petrine Christianity, especially its monotheism and Christology. This episode examines how Peter regarded the God of Jesus and wrestles with difficult passages surrounding Jesus' person and preexistence.

132: The Early Christian View of God in Philippians

Thu, 06 Aug 2020 04:30:00 -0300

Philippians is the letter of Paul that many interpreters feel exhibits high Christology. What we actually find is that Paul holds a high human Christology, where the obedient king took upon the attitude of the Suffering Servant and was highly exalted afterward. Paul continues to portray his monotheism, human Christology, and his understanding of the relationship between God and Christ in terms that are consistent with second temple Judaism.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cn2njXhRkxuqQd54nrspjYk6FkVwM1lVyKvBhiTIVtw/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

131: The Early Christian View of God in Romans

Thu, 30 Jul 2020 04:30:00 -0300

Paul's massive letter to the Romans has much to say about monotheism, Christology, and the relationship between God and Jesus. For Paul, God continues to be one person, as expressed in the Jewish Shema. Jesus is the descendant of David and the second Adam--a human being. This episode also explores some of the trickier passages in Romans surrounding the person of Jesus and his exalted role as Lord.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QTIibg8TPdzXCVUsLNlRMa6GE5tF7Cbg_qKOMCFKj-8/edit?usp=sharing

130: The Early Christian View of God in 2 Corinthians

Thu, 23 Jul 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we examine 2 Corinthians to see how Paul understands the true God and the risen Jesus. We discuss the benediction of 2 Corinthians, which is often thought of being a reference to the Trinity. Furthermore, we examine the theology of the "rich" Jesus who became poor, asking if this is even a reference to incarnation at all. We also pay special attention to the theology of the God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12L0XX3af0Dn4OytXL65fsCbGkO-fdGdXWrMUZhZXJ9Y/edit?usp=sharing

129: The Early Christian View of God in 1 Corinthians

Thu, 16 Jul 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In 1 Corinthians, Paul clearly defines the Christian God to be one person, the Father alone. Jesus is the human Messiah whose death was sufficient to cover sins. The risen and exalted Jesus remains subordinate to the Father in both rank and function. Paul also details his Wisdom Christology in 1 Corinthians, and in doing so, he regards God's personified Wisdom as the type of the man Jesus Christ.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FJHrawiMUgvekPpJRvTCBzGcj6Gn_bRvrk62T1L0trc/edit?usp=sharing

128: The Early Christian View of God in Galatians

Thu, 09 Jul 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we examine how God and Christ are portrayed in the early letter of Galatians. We note that Paul regards God as a single person--the Father alone. Furthermore, we observe that Jesus is the Son of God who was born of a woman and who died. God, of course, woke Jesus up from the dead. The resurrected Jesus represents believers as those who are "in Christ"—those who are represented by the anointed king Jesus.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1DiDewqlKqyUEbpB5hQauU0LhfX_IiDsvW2WDN77bbTA/edit?usp=sharing

127: The Early Christian View of God in 2 Thessalonians

Thu, 02 Jul 2020 04:30:00 -0300

How did early Christians understand the exalted Jesus alongside the one true God of Israel in 2 Thessalonians? This episode examines the contents of this epistle to see if the Jewish God is anything other than a single person—the Father alone. We also examine how the exalted Jesus is described with titles, roles, and acts of judgment. Lastly, we consider whether the Lord Jesus Christ is "our God" in a disputed passage.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v2yEJgtV1CZ6lOO6H5KYLFRGWOIscMwigRV2fdGkOYY/edit?usp=sharing

126: The Early Christian View of God in 1 Thessalonians

Thu, 25 Jun 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In what ways did the early Christians depict God and Christ in terms of Jewish monotheism? Some scholars have argued that, in various ways, the distinction between God and Jesus was blurred by early Christians, especially Paul. This episode examines 1 Thessalonians, the earliest document in the New Testament, to determine how Paul depicted the risen Jesus in relation to the monotheistic God of Judaism. 1 Thessalonians repeatedly insists that the Father is the true God and that Jesus is the risen Christ through whom God actively works.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZHnYhwoO2_COp14szenErqoaomhp3iy4q8cNZvGYUmo/edit?usp=sharing

125: The John 1:18 Show

Thu, 18 Jun 2020 04:30:00 -0300

John 1:18 concludes the Prologue of the Fourth Gospel (1:1-18). In doing so, John 1:18 defines the unseen God as the Father alone, thus distinguishing Jesus from God. There is also a tricky textual variant in John 1:18 that continues to divide commentators and translations. Arguments are made in favor of the "unique son" reading as the original. Lastly, the unique son who explains and reveals the unseen God defines the relationship between the two that will appear frequently in the Fourth Gospel's narrative.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XWPxJatJaY5Jk0A9dHCLyZugeyesHzdueW54IBYo8Fk/edit?usp=sharing

124: The Meaning of “Protos” in The Prologue of John (John 1:15)

Thu, 11 Jun 2020 04:30:00 -0300

According to John 1:15, Jesus, born months after John the Baptist, was before John. What does the Greek adjective "protos" mean in John 1:15 (and in its parallel in 1:30)? Is the Baptist saying that Jesus outranked him or that Jesus was prior to John, and if so, in what sense? This episode weighs the strengths and weaknesses of the two different meanings of the ambiguous adjective "protos." The study sets John 1:15 in the context of the Prologue (1:1-18), where Jesus is portrayed as the embodiment of God's personified word/wisdom that was in the beginning with God.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1e75HaQ5LyEf8arfqZtCRI0vOu1pjCirVtoZKtQkAqHM/edit?usp=sharing

123: The Meaning and Origin of "Monogenes" (John 1:14)

Thu, 04 Jun 2020 04:30:00 -0300

While some translations of John 1:14 have traditionally regarded Jesus as the "only-begotten," modern lexicons and grammarians are arguing that "unique" or "one of a kind" is a more accurate translation. This episode explores how the Prologue and the rest of the Gospel of John use the Greek adjective "monogenes" in regard to the human Jesus. In doing so, we focus on the meaning of the adjective and its origins within Jewish depictions of Lady Wisdom.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10q2EqcYghOWeNPZ-sX5bj98zX_5R3hL2OYD80fAs7cE/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

122: The Embodied Logos That Pitched His Tent (John 1:14)

Thu, 28 May 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In John 1:14, the personified logos of God becomes flesh and "pitches his tent," evoking themes of the tabernacle and temple. In this episode, we explore the imagery of the logos "pitching his tent" within Jewish wisdom traditions. We discuss how Jesus, as a man, serves as the new temple presence in the Fourth Gospel, drawing people to himself while teaching in the physical temple. Lastly, we examine the significance of the temple's glory and its close connection to God's personified wisdom.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hBDjyqtjTXM6qj31SsTUxHE0aZ3LP1ZVdw4X492HsIE/edit?usp=sharing

121: The Origins of the Word Becoming Flesh (John 1:14)

Thu, 21 May 2020 04:30:00 -0300

John 1:14 indicates that the logos (God's personified speech) becomes flesh as the human being Jesus. This episode shows how the embodiment of God's personified attributes was depicted in previous portrayals of Lady Wisdom, specifically in Proverbs, Sirach, and Philo. The Prologue of the Gospel of John, which has been deeply influenced by Jewish wisdom speculation, needs to be interpreted in light of this relevant Jewish context.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jUWYH5Kd63pDh4r3Ak6fp7JR47kVZu7Et4-AC2RiNO0/edit?usp=sharing

120: The Mission of the Logos in the Prologue (John 1:10-13)

Thu, 14 May 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The Prologue of John portrays the personified logos coming to the world and interacting with the Jewish people. Many refused to receive the logos, but some believed and became children of God. This episode explores how the logos/wisdom of God is to be understood as coming to the world in the ministry of Jesus, who summons the world to believe.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/18FS6c5JUs3eOeyYY3ZDxpSpCgtVSIlCppbV--YmLLgY/edit?usp=sharing

119: John the Baptist and the Logos that Enlightens (John 1:4-8)

Thu, 07 May 2020 04:30:00 -0300

The Prologue of the Fourth Gospel depicts the personified logos in terms of life and light for human beings (John 1:4-5). These terms become symbolic of noteworthy narrative points that are picked up later in the Fourth Gospel. The Prologue also introduces John the Baptist and depicts him as one who testifies about the light of the world, the embodied logos, that summons humanity unto belief (John 1:6-8).

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Dxcp2GlCg2n8otjT7I3kwHLKn6p0j660eGl_wvcdHCU/edit?usp=sharing

118: John 1:3 & Creating Through Wisdom and Word

Thu, 30 Apr 2020 04:30:00 -0300

This episode focuses entirely on John 1:3 and its Jewish wisdom context. Prior to the writing of the Prologue of John, many Jews and Christians portrayed God as having created all things through his personified word/wisdom. We also explore the impact that Genesis chapter one had upon John 1:3.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D-mh1HhkQfz_jI-XHXMlnmhz5GbI4KeQ037nCuGQJNs/edit?usp=sharing

117: Exploring The Phrase “the Word Was God” (John 1:1)

Thu, 23 Apr 2020 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores what some modern scholars are saying about the last phrase in John 1:1, "the Word was God." These specialists argue that "the Word" and "God" are clearly distinguished and that "God" is an adjectival predication for the personified Word.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iy1-kuX8fL0eqx7IbGGG-u2WQdbf2GoCZTJwakVr5jQ/edit?usp=sharing

116: The Origins of The Johannine Logos That Was “With God” (John 1:1)

Thu, 16 Apr 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore how portrayals of the personified word and personified wisdom of God influenced the opening line of John's Gospel, "The Word was with God" (John 1:1). We note several Jewish texts—all predating the Gospel of John—where poets depicted God alongside his word/wisdom without suggesting that these personified attributes were conscious divine persons.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1fcEa1n_5KucuQdVEy7j3OeITALzes_UMiaf6qgTWFj0/edit?usp=sharing

115: The Origins of the Johannine Logos in the Hebrew Bible

Thu, 09 Apr 2020 04:30:00 -0300

This episode explores the origins of the Logos from what is depicted in John chapter 1, namely, the "word" that was present in the beginning with God." We look into the Hebrew counterpart of Logos within the Old Testament, surveying its range of lexical meaning. This episode gives special attention to the passages in the Old Testament where the "word" is personified as an agent of God's creation and redemption.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19nwiwgJJupaVEz9Qk9MVnHn7gdnPLZ-OfnT2J0Uq9Hw/edit?usp=sharing

114: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 7 of 7)

Thu, 02 Apr 2020 04:30:00 -0300

As we conclude our study on the "Son of Man" sayings in the Gospel of John, we note an insistence that Jesus is a representative figure for human beings who are drawn to him. We also observe particular stress upon the fact that Jesus died fully and completely, indicating his mortality. Moreover, we discuss the hour of the Son of Man's glorification and note how this helps frame the important relationship between the true God and his human agent, Jesus.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1n5JCnjVi5Ih4rurq24SilmUqZM37BYiJ2hJoVvrU4B0/edit?usp=sharing

113: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 6 of 7)

Thu, 26 Mar 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 9, the blind man is healed and confesses Jesus as the Son of Man. In doing so, we learn that the Son of Man is a fully-fledged human being, functioning as God's agent. Those who do not regard Jesus as the true agent of God in the passage are judged as blind and still in their sins.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G--AkQD4LLGPK2ob78FwwWiy7eC1EgWSmTNZT5tr-Yc/edit?usp=sharing

112: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 5)

Thu, 19 Mar 2020 04:30:00 -0300

In John 8:28, the Son of Man claims, "I am he." This has led to a variety of interpretations. This episode looks at three modern scholarly views of what this phrase means for our current passage and the Gospel of John as a whole.

To view the notes from this episode, please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ahe7DZ_lAU-70jo-lrZhZJAUKCqbwDQYTtx8bcv37nk/edit?usp=sharing

111: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 4 of 7)

Thu, 12 Mar 2020 04:30:00 -0300

This episode focuses on John 6:62, where the Son of Man speaks of the scandal of ascending to where he was previously. How can we take seriously the identity of the Son of Man as the human agent of God while also giving fair weight to the insistence that he is to ascend to where he was before? This episode provides a balanced interpretation worth considering. My latest book, Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John, further develops this reading with additional context of Jewish speculation concerning personified wisdom being given from heaven as "bread."

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1XEotiKY2tvLAVOiIYc0Yylnl63d4zJTNMDkewIt6tcA/edit?usp=sharing

110: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 3)

Thu, 05 Mar 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In John chapter six, the narrative presents Jesus as the Son of Man who is the bread of life. In doing so, Jesus is portrayed as a human being in the strongest possible terms. However, the Son of Man's flesh is also depicted as coming down out of heaven, arguably as a reference to Logos Christology and Wisdom Christology.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-YBClAqJa377qOFvcCM6a3_3uMoXKWG2HHynZfsquVc/edit?usp=sharing

109: "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John (Part 2)

Thu, 27 Feb 2020 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue to explore the Fourth Gospel's depiction of Jesus as the Son of Man, we observe that this human being is to be the object of a believer's faith. We also note that the Son of Man is authorized to exercise divine prerogatives, specifically, to give eternal life and to execute judgment.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1E0cM44wCYWOK0D58X3060OwEjKJvAd3HIjMWHaXqkRk/edit?usp=sharing

108: Introducing "Son of Man" Christology in the Gospel of John

Thu, 20 Feb 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The Gospel of John has many "Son of Man" sayings that are not located in the previous three Gospels. In this episode, we explore the Son of Man who acts as the ladder between the open heavens and those on earth. We also explore how this authorized human being functions as an exclusive revealer of the things of heaven while remaining an actual human being.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/19A7EaVlwwTMQBE64W8xlwZ7n-KGzuOtO-ZkoZC5QBaw/edit?usp=sharing

107: Luke’s "Son of Man" Christology

Thu, 13 Feb 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In this episode, we explore the Gospel of Luke and its understanding of Jesus' favorite self-reference, the Son of Man. We discuss passages where Jesus is the human representative of the suffering people of God, both past and present, and depictions of the Son of Man as personified wisdom's embodiment and as the mortal one who died and rose.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mRHPeGKlovgOAnYyZIshZmd3OK7mP9WL-Udug1Iy8yQ/edit?usp=sharing

106: A Further Look at Matthew’s "Son of Man" Christology

Thu, 06 Feb 2020 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue our study through the Gospel of Matthew to better understand the Christological significance of Jesus' favorite self-reference, "the Son of Man," we encounter passages where the Son of Man possesses authority over the angels, the right to rule as a king, and the role of judge. We also observe that Jesus calls other human beings his "brothers," which further indicates that the Son of Man is an authentic member of the human race.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KroDeHvxftGtuq_5cXNbOEdqK5AA8vV0FPXot-8t22A/edit?usp=sharing

105: An Introduction to Matthew’s "Son of Man" Christology

Thu, 30 Jan 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The Gospel of Matthew has additional sayings about the Son of Man that are absent from the Gospel of Mark. In this episode, we begin to explore these sayings in Matthew, where the Son of Man is a rejected figure, a figure who "comes," one who speaks in terms of Lady Wisdom, and who is greater than Jonah and Solomon. Matthew illustrates his Christology in terms of Jesus as a high-ranking human Messiah.

(This is an older episode now uploaded to YouTube for the first time.)

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UTfqwZR7xKa-kmJrafyeFVgQgyx-kHKYPGlnPGGkqDc/edit?usp=sharing

104: The Trial of the "Son of Man" in Mark

Thu, 23 Jan 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In the final "Son of Man" story within the Gospel of Mark, Jesus stands before the High Priest in a trial regarding Jesus' temple actions and claims to be the Messiah. The messianic secret is finally revealed to Israel's leadership, but Jesus' claim to being the human Son of Man possessing authority from God results in being sentenced to death.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1PS0rc8DrEepCldF6t8ph_NgA-2H60pjhq5AiHw-Q3YA/edit?usp=sharing

103: The Predicted Death of Mark’s "Son of Man"

Thu, 16 Jan 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In the Gospel of Mark, Jesus says that the demise of the Son of Man is predicted in Scripture. However, there are no passages within the Hebrew Bible that talk about the suffering and death of a "son of man" figure. This episode explores the possibility that Daniel chapter 7 was the passage Jesus had in mind, a conclusion with important implications for the Christology of the title "Son of Man" in Mark.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/17kE2Uv1l1UnYSDJU1ahsDL2VfMJzyS_CErrIWzCQL6k/edit?usp=sharing

102: Mark’s "Son of Man" Revealed in the Olivet Discourse

Thu, 09 Jan 2020 04:30:00 -0400

In Mark chapter 13, Jesus gives the Olivet Discourse, which tells of a coming tribulation that will face the people of God. What most readers miss is that Mark portrays the events surrounding the betrayal, suffering, and death of the Son of Man with much of the same language used in Mark 13. This episode explores the relevance of the Son of Man representing the suffering people of God and how this strengthens the argument that the Son of Man is a human being.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1bvczQ5DLuuQ849r-TaIPw6YItUDD9EkGZamIjabeoN4/edit?usp=sharing

101: Mark’s "Son of Man" Bearing the Father’s Glory

Thu, 02 Jan 2020 04:30:00 -0400

The Gospel of Mark portrays the Son of Man returning with God's glory to act as judge. What are we to make of the Son of Man who performs God's role of judge and bears God's glory? Do these descriptions make Jesus divine, or are they indicators that God has empowered Jesus as an exceptional human agent of the true God? This episode explores these points within the depiction of the Son of Man in Mark 8:38.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11cv1yatwOO5k5QL7MseMLUSqZeWfR9SbHy1kcEu9AZQ/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

100: Mark’s Suffering and Dying "Son of Man"

Thu, 26 Dec 2019 04:30:00 -0400

The vocation of "Christ" in Mark's Gospel is unpacked as the Son of Man who will be rejected and killed. This episode explores how this expansion of the role belonging to Israel's Messiah, precisely as an authorized human being, contributes to Mark's Christology and discipleship.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vq0TU1RYS-ND_YimzXEpVPSEm84luOzq5I6qAlSD0BQ/edit?usp=sharing

099: Mark’s "Son of Man" Who Has Authority on the Sabbath

Thu, 19 Dec 2019 04:30:00 -0400

In the conflict story of Jesus' authority on the Sabbath, the title "Son of Man" is again referenced in Mark's Gospel. This episode explores what Jesus means by this title and how it makes the most sense as a reference to a special human agent of the true God who bears considerable authority.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/14hCH_ya2F47PVsgM_JvLEAIYHdqfSMXZvm7zODdmBhc/edit?usp=sharing

098: Mark’s "Son of Man" Who Forgives Sins

Thu, 12 Dec 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Mark's Gospel depicts the very first occurrence of Jesus claiming to be the Son of Man in a conflict story regarding whether Jesus can forgive sins, a feat typically reserved for God alone. This episode explores how Jesus is portrayed as the authorized Son of Man as a window into the high human christology of Mark.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UkYhRoaD3oq0wH2pq-tQO03Iimai5Rp2EMjWKzxMhU0/edit?usp=sharing

097: The "Son of Man" According to Daniel

Thu, 05 Dec 2019 04:30:00 -0400

It seems clear that Jesus Christ drew heavily on the depiction of the "one like a son of man" in Daniel 7:13. What are we to make of this enigmatic figure? This episode seeks to understand what can be reasonably known about Daniel's "son of man" and speculate on what significance Jesus might have drawn from its imagery.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13iUwU-xxMJT-sawAVI0eWQKdh4d7C1PN0TZmV0kVZKg/edit?usp=sharing

096: Origins of the Phrase "Son of Man"

Thu, 28 Nov 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Jesus used the phrase "Son of Man" of himself more frequently than any other title. What was it about this phrase that was so important to Jesus? This episode seeks to explore the origins of the phrase by looking at its appearances within the Hebrew Bible. We conclude that a "son of man" casually indicates a mortal human being.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/148LDkFSSssS52i1CA1lEldn5NTZtzR4L38IyVwI2BqU/edit?usp=sharing

095: Is Matthew 28:19 Corrupted Scripture?

Thu, 21 Nov 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Is the reference to baptism "in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit" in Matt 28:19 authentic Scripture? Many argue today that this verse has been tampered with and is now corrupt. This episode seeks to ascertain the details surrounding Matt 28:19 and its original meaning (how the author intended it to be understood).

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FgPIs3qr3abWAUf3UE2F7hQ4nvAaB_8ziUqqIxSB2Co/edit?usp=sharing

094: Is Jesus a Heavenly Angel in John’s Apocalypse?

Thu, 14 Nov 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Although the Book of Revelation is ignored and regarded as confusing by many Christians, some have insisted that it portrays the risen Jesus as one of the heavenly angels. In fact, a few published books by PhD-holding scholars have contributed to this argument. This episode examines their arguments to see if the Book of Revelation, like the rest of the New Testament, depicts Jesus as the human Messiah or as a heavenly angel.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tC2Slfe25MX6s8H7hSHRopd7338SHepoYqeH_Krrjjc/edit?usp=sharing

093: Is Jesus a Heavenly Angel in Hebrews or 1 Peter?

Thu, 07 Nov 2019 04:30:00 -0400

What sort of picture of Jesus do we get from examining the arguments of Hebrews and 1 Peter? Is the risen Jesus, in any sense, a heavenly angel? Or is Jesus the highly exalted human Messiah, seated at Yahweh's right hand? The writers of Hebrews and 1 Peter both point to the latter conclusion.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j0-X69_j7RwGLM7bWT1nOjWpj4URqv5jgu7piBGSJ6c/edit?usp=sharing

092: Did Paul Think that the Risen Jesus was a Heavenly Angel? (Part 2 of 2)

Thu, 31 Oct 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode will look at some objections to suggesting that Paul regarded the risen Jesus as a human being. Two passages within the letters of Paul are often pointed to in order to argue that Paul actually did think of the risen Jesus as a nonhuman heavenly angel, even an archangel. This episode examines Gal. 4:14 and 1 Thes. 4:16 to determine what they teach regarding the risen Jesus' identity.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1o3Vl03pkmHY6dCTajVi5HygMe6HtGKEFAugJJ5iULbs/edit?usp=sharing

091: Did Paul Think that the Risen Jesus was a Heavenly Angel? (Part 1 of 2)

Thu, 24 Oct 2019 05:30:00 -0300

According to the Apostle Paul, Jesus was highly exalted after his resurrection. Was this exaltation a transformation into one of the heavenly angels, perhaps even into an archangel? This episode will examine the theology of Paul to discern if he understood the risen Jesus as a member of the heavenly hosts of angels or whether he is still a human being.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12weXx24jcEYGBvNIDDei9hZkFlTjJmnyHWTOTS96lko/edit?usp=sharing

090: Was Jesus Exalted to the Status of Heavenly Angels After His Resurrection?

Thu, 17 Oct 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Was Jesus transformed into one of the heavenly angels in his resurrected and exalted state? Or did the human Jesus remain human in his exalted status? This episode will explore the preaching of the early Church as summarized in the theology of the Book of Acts to see if Jesus was portrayed as one of the heavenly angels.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1FHm27VvW_dtihpJ080DBTBGaaAf1sz40D9OI6Gi1GSo/edit?usp=sharing

089: Do the Gospels of Mark and John Portray Jesus as a Heavenly Angel?

Thu, 10 Oct 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we turn to Mark and John to see if they portray Jesus as an angel from heaven. While both of these gospel accounts offer verses involving both Jesus and the heavenly angels, never once is there a suggestion that these two categories are to be confused with one another. Jesus is regarded as the human Messiah, both prior to and after his resurrection.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1P-PkGgk0Ll4HwKKrMpimyD8ohfB7xhagp7aX03fbt4g/edit?usp=sharing

088: Does the Gospel of Luke Portray Jesus as a Heavenly Angel?

Thu, 03 Oct 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we examine the Gospel of Luke and its portrayal of Jesus Christ to see if he is regarded as one of the heavenly angels. Although Luke mentions Jesus and angels together in quite a few passages, the two are never confused. There is no indication that Luke wanted his readers to understand Jesus as a heavenly angel, whether prior to his birth, in his earthly ministry, or after the resurrection. Jesus remains the human Messiah, according to the Gospel of Luke.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ag5CRl0mjUFToKWVeSxXO7_RV7m7rOPeVY9wCui3eso/edit?usp=sharing

087: Does the Gospel of Matthew Portray Jesus as a Heavenly Angel?

Thu, 26 Sep 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Does the Gospel of Matthew portray Jesus Christ as a heavenly angel? Did an angel become incarnate in the human Jesus at his birth? Did Jesus rise from the dead in the form of an archangel? This episode seeks to answer these questions in regard to the identity of Jesus within the Gospel of Matthew.

086: Angels as Agents of the One True God (Part 3 of 3)

Thu, 19 Sep 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In our final study of angels acting as representative agents of the one true God within the Old Testament, we explore the identity of Jacob's wrestling partner and the function of an angel in enacting judgment on behalf of God. We also ask whether God used an angel to rescue the Israelites out of Egypt.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1n_Qzw97fVDIC9an6dG6HNCLLmsuud7guFLZec_ECPVE/edit?usp=sharing

085: Angels as Agents of the One True God (Part 2 of 3)

Thu, 12 Sep 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode continues that study of how angels function as fully authorized representatives of the one true God. In doing so, they often speak the words of God, are addressed as "God," and bear the divine name. However, these messengers were never to be confused with the true God, since they functioned as representative agents.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IvHb_RGGWUNzFl_H8XRR-7mDyWU58uXDGa0PdB9E4jM/edit?usp=sharing

084: Angels as Agents of the One True God (Part 1 of 3)

Thu, 05 Sep 2019 05:30:00 -0300

If heavenly angels are messengers of God, then what can they tell us about how God sends and authorizes agents? This episode looks at passages in Genesis where angels communicate with Hagar and Jacob in order to better understand the interaction between God and his heavenly messengers.

Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (paperback): https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC
Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (Kindle): https://a.co/d/5Eletqz
Buy The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus: https://a.co/d/65WTnrC
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To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ofNhWZsqKCM1QPdtd115UWuZLzcysOhyFkFPs2ENMN0/edit?usp=sharing

083: Paul’s Theology of the Relationship Between Jesus and the Spirit (Part 4 of 4)

Thu, 29 Aug 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode explores some of the most difficult passages in Paul that overlap the functions of the risen Jesus and the Holy Spirit. We ultimately conclude that the Spirit is the medium that connects believers in fellowship with the resurrected and exalted Jesus who is now seated in heaven.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UlesKqEV8F5Sp3GR2rIk5YJYQjGinTfdGZmHihGaDQw/edit?usp=sharing

082: Paul’s Theology of the Relationship Between Jesus and the Spirit (Part 3)

Thu, 22 Aug 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode seeks to better understand Paul's theology of Christ and the Spirit as two overlapping experiences for believers. These interactions between the risen Jesus and the Holy Spirit are exhibited in the behavioral change of the people of God, their transformation into the image of God, and the organization of the baptized body of Christ. In short, Paul seems to regard the Spirit as the manner in which Christian communities experience the risen Jesus.

Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (paperback): https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC

Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John (Kindle): https://a.co/d/5Eletqz

Buy The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus: https://a.co/d/65WTnrC

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

To support the channel with a membership, click here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG5H6oqEnhFjdUryhDOYSvQ/join

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/13QOcVCjlmwDrYrKphBqdy-YXxLrAvhhQ2XiGyKreaWo/edit?usp=sharing

081: Paul’s Theology of the Relationship Between Jesus & the Spirit (2 of 4)

Thu, 15 Aug 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode explores how Paul links the Holy Spirit with Jesus in light of Jesus’ resurrection from the dead. What can be learned about Paul’s theology of both Jesus and the Spirit by zeroing in on texts dealing with the resurrection? Can anything be gained by looking at the Spirit’s involvement in the future resurrection of the dead and its parallels to Jesus’ resurrection? It is concluded that the Spirit, for Paul, is God's extended power, rather than a conscious person in the godhead.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dIZZ1HS9UplLtbn1blM_V62amScsMTvIuBEBYLFuBl0/edit?usp=sharing

080: Paul’s Theology of the Relationship Between Jesus and the Spirit (1 of 4)

Thu, 08 Aug 2019 05:30:00 -0300

How does the Apostle Paul, who is often difficult to understand, describe the relationship between the risen Jesus and the Holy Spirit? In what way, if at all, is Jesus involved in the sending of the Spirit to the people of God? We can actually learn a lot about how Paul understands the nature of the Holy Spirit by looking closely at his letters. The Apostle seems to depict the activity of the Spirit as overlapping the ministry of the risen Lord Jesus Christ without equating the two (or making the Spirit into a person alongside the Father and the Son).

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wOZgHdGZXKKLEf2ZuS1qz2u2p2dYp-dWC9dPmQz7VDg/edit? usp=sharing

079: How Did the Spirit-Inspired Jesus Become the Giver of the Spirit?

Thu, 01 Aug 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode explores how the human Jesus, the Jewish Messiah who was anointed with the Holy Spirit, became the giver of the Holy Spirit after his resurrection. This is an important question when seeking to understand who Jesus is and how his empowerments changed after his death, resurrection, and exaltation.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1iVYepy5I-n7v4UU6H6eHsx1dO2eU_0s8uxCNWJiQKHY/edit?usp=sharing

078: Who or What is the Holy Spirit in the Ministry of Jesus?

Thu, 25 Jul 2019 05:30:00 -0300

What sort of image do we get of God's personal Holy Spirit when it interacts with Jesus Christ in the Gospels? Do the four Gospel accounts regard the Spirit as the third person of the Trinity? Or is the Holy Spirit an empowerment in Jesus' preaching, working of miracles, and enacting of the prophet's role?

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-HPV8P_fQLGq9rQxVY_xFzdZV3g_g7KgmGS1lYQEBZc/edit?usp=sharing

077: Who or What is the Holy Spirit in the Old Testament?

Thu, 18 Jul 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Can understanding the Holy Spirit with clarity shed light on how we view God and Jesus Christ? This episode seeks to survey the complex Holy Spirit within the Hebrew Bible in order to understand its (or his) functions and characteristics. The goal is to set a foundation upon which we can move into the New Testament in subsequent episodes.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1HWAZM_nhjKZkurp7pWdxwExsqLSQX0p___elEkaKXKA/edit?usp=sharing

076: What Can We Learn About God and Jesus From Epistolary Greetings? (Part 3 of 3)

Thu, 11 Jul 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode concludes our study of the epistolary introductions within the New Testament, starting with 1 Peter and ending with Revelation. Does the Spirit's appearance in 1 Peter mean that it is the 3rd person of the Trinity? Is Jesus called "God" in 2 Peter? Does the Holy Spirit send greetings in Revelation? We explore each of these key questions in this week's episode.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ffV8UNaKEIwbwiefqPP9QQ95F-tDi5MTsfc2oSahtP0/edit?usp=sharing

075: What Can We Learn About God and Jesus From Epistolary Greetings? (Part 2 of 3)

Thu, 04 Jul 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Can we determine what early Christians thought about the Father and his Son by looking solely at the epistolary greetings within the New Testament letters? This episode continues our study to look at the introductory greetings from 1 Thessalonians through James to see what light they might shed on the identities and functions of both God and Jesus Christ.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12enb8f3WjRXtMFKOFSu7lhvOlgrUbqFVogx5r_qU91U/edit?usp=sharing

074: What Can We Learn About God and Jesus From Epistolary Greetings? (Part 1 of 3)

Thu, 27 Jun 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Can we understand better what early Christians believed about God and Jesus based on looking at the epistolary introductions within the letters contained within the New Testament? This episode begins a study to look at how these introductory greetings functioned in their wider Hellenistic literary conventions to see what sort of Christology was taught in these early Christian churches.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gZX7I6bmVp2j1K4v3yI66Z7eSeyfLL6pL1g_eSf4WB8/edit?usp=sharing

073: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 10 of 10)

Thu, 20 Jun 2019 05:30:00 -0300

At the trial of Jesus, the Jews accuse him of "making himself out" to be the Son of God. Is this a blasphemous claim? Is their accusation true or have they further misunderstood Jesus? How does Pilate understand the person of Jesus? In our final episode looking at what "Son of God" means in the Gospel of John, we wrap up the relevant passages and reflect on our overall findings.

Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John: https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC
Buy The Son of God: Three Views of the Identity of Jesus: https://a.co/d/65WTnrC
Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887
To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To support the channel with a membership, click here:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG5H6oqEnhFjdUryhDOYSvQ/join
Follow us on Twitter at:
https://twitter.com/OneGodPodcast
To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qbObvVIeM2V9f4sH7xxM7V63tyIrqsd4qlKr-qn4BHs/edit?usp=sharing

072: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 9 of 10)

Thu, 13 Jun 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore the lengthy prayer in John chapter 17 where the Son of God petitions the Father while addressing him as the "only true God." What can a prayer offered by the Son of God tell us about what this title means for John's theology? This will be our focus in this episode, and there is quite a lot of data to cover.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Lp5uOjphk4BFNEJ7VQFv0S-iowUY5hCml631XdI90D8/edit?usp=sharing

071: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 8)

Thu, 06 Jun 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In John 14, Jesus makes an exclusive statement that no one can access the Father except through the Son. He also claims that those who see Jesus have seen the Father. What do these statements mean in regard to the title "Son of God" in John's Gospel? We discover that Jesus is an obedient human agent who embodies God's personified wisdom and word.

Buy Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of John: https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC
Link to the ebook: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdid=book-CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_atb&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_atb&pli=1
Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887
To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To support the channel with a membership, click here:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG5H6oqEnhFjdUryhDOYSvQ/join
Follow us on Twitter at:
https://twitter.com/OneGodPodcast

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1-yVh1zlFSpEDiDw5wmwj6uP8b8PqCjjwZ6Rum2ADibE/edit?usp=sharing

070: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 7)

Thu, 30 May 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Jesus declares himself to be "the resurrection and the life" in John chapter 11. Yet, the ability to give life and to judge the dead are prerogatives usually reserved for God alone. How does this mighty claim by Jesus further explain the title of "Son of God"? We explore these points in this week's episode.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_n4u1Qi9kZbZg5vj0cVmDFjiI9dRWAPIYOzfZ5S9RJM/edit?usp=sharing

069: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 6)

Thu, 23 May 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 10, Jesus claims to be one with the Father and the Jews accuse him of "making himself" out to be God. What does this mean in regard to the definition of the title "Son of God"? This episode explores John chapter 10 in order to better understand the Christology of the Son of God who is one with the Father.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oaYCMqmBvUEWJwAiIJ97OWPlfzptRgIsk1ol0G8A4n4/edit?usp=sharing

068: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 5)

Thu, 16 May 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In John chapter 8, Jesus speaks as the Son of God who was before Abraham. How can this be so if he is the human Messiah? This episode seeks to better understand how Jesus reveals himself as "Son of God" in a complex dialogue with his polemical Jewish opponents.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rx04FJ0fHw2ZXPlSOgq1h5QV2Ss0h8ZlgYW9-2viSls/edit?usp=sharing

067: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 4)

Thu, 09 May 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Jesus states that he is "the true bread that has come down out of heaven." Is this a clear indication that the Son of God is a divine figure who consciously existed in heaven before coming to earth? This episode digs deeper into John chapter six and finds that the Son of God is a genuine human figure who is authorized, empowered, and obedient to his Father.

Buy my new Christology book on Amazon: https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC
Link to the ebook: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdid=book-CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_atb&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_atb&pli=1
Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887
To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
To support the channel with a membership, click here:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG5H6oqEnhFjdUryhDOYSvQ/join
Follow us on Twitter at:
https://twitter.com/OneGodPodcast

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11bsFwCUFo8jkzTU7fuzJIjiYidjuwEXWv9jScMucAOo/edit?usp=sharing

066: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 3)

Thu, 02 May 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In John chapter five, Jesus is accused of making himself equal with God. Is this actually what Jesus was doing or did the Jews misunderstand Jesus and his intentions? This episode will look at the narrative in John 5 in order to better understand what "Son of God" means.

Buy my new book on Amazon: https://a.co/d/iMFP9VC

Buy the ebook: https://play.google.com/store/books/details?id=CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdid=book-CTcDEQAAQBAJ&rdot=1&source=gbs_atb&pcampaignid=books_booksearch_atb&pli=1

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887
To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks
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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vSazQFa0-_OxDnPJmIxRUYVGtt-gMuP-XtYdAX1v0U8/edit?usp=sharing

065: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 2)

Thu, 25 Apr 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode examines the "Son of God" references in John chapter three. In doing so, we discuss what it means that God "gave" the Son, God "sent" the Son, the Son came "into the world", the Son has been given "all things," and the Son is due belief/obedience.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZMnKhpm8tpVK29MZ5Mjbv7YbBPzwTomB3nf2Bgrr2mc/edit?usp=sharing

064: What Does "Son of God" Mean in John's Gospel? (Part 1)

Thu, 18 Apr 2019 05:30:00 -0300

The Gospel of John is often assumed to be the document that portrays Jesus in the most exalted christology--even higher than what Matthew, Mark, and Luke taught. But is this really the case? This episode begins our study of what the Fourth Gospel means when it calls Jesus "Son of God" to see if popular opinion holds up to a detailed analysis of the text.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1gOg4Uhbby8_igVZRn5Bl3rwitFBqubD_6RLS80Ne4-Q/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

063: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Matthew? (part 3 of 3)

Thu, 11 Apr 2019 05:30:00 -0300

The role of "Son of God" is a crucial role in the messianic understanding of Jesus, according to Matthew. This episode will look at the Son of God's relationship to the heavenly Father, the Son's lack of omniscience, the understanding of the Jewish authorities in regard to Jesus' claims, and the use of the title surrounding the events of the crucifixion.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1tQCtd3IetftmprLV62Ng1sTu_N-meuQNlNnMD2OUyJs/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

062: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Matthew? (Part 2 of 3)

Thu, 04 Apr 2019 05:30:00 -0300

As we continue to survey the Gospel of Matthew, we explore what it means for Jesus (as Son of God) to share intimate knowledge of the Father. We also carefully examine Simon Peter's confession to see what the Father revealed to him about Jesus' identity. Lastly, we explore the meaning behind Jesus walking on the water in a manner that led to him being worshipped as the Son of God.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uC2_mX-mtGrt1JHPSfz3Exqyj4hrBClgLfi0BzqVr0k/edit?usp=sharing

061: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Matthew? (Part 1 of 3)

Thu, 28 Mar 2019 05:30:00 -0300

Matthew's Gospel appears to define Jesus as "Son of God" as the one who shows solidarity with humanity. This episode will explore how Jesus is the embodiment of the nation of Israel, how Jesus identifies with the Jewish people in baptism, that Jesus is the climactic type of Isaac, and how Jesus closely associates himself with other faithful human beings called "sons of God."

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1001B6gM99hFMsEjDx_JLjhPlu_2xmsVMCa57RDcEZsE/edit?usp=sharing

060: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Luke? (part 3 of 3)

Thu, 21 Mar 2019 05:30:00 -0300

In the final installment of our exploration into what Luke's Gospel means when attributing the title "Son of God" to Jesus, we explore Jesus' interactions with the demons, the vision of the Transfiguration, a special comment by Jesus himself, and Jesus' confession before the authorities. It turns out that "Son of God" in Luke is a title consistent with a high human Christology, rather than a trinitarian theology.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1QH-vFHRKVBtFRn1skZWpZcORaScmKC7hh_1arH2AvBY/edit?usp=sharing

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

https://www.youtube.com/allegiancetotheking

059: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Luke? (part 2 of 3)

Thu, 14 Mar 2019 05:30:00 -0300

This episode continues our survey of Luke's Gospel to see how he defines the title "Son of God" in regard to Jesus. We explore the baptism of Jesus, the genealogy, and the temptation narrative in the wilderness. Luke's portrayal of Jesus as the Son of God is consistent with a high human Christology.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11AMJXsA5AKLvdCTM4eIg2eFEGQVLxxQBiQout_5CBqg/edit?usp=sharing

058: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Luke? (part 1 of 3)

Thu, 07 Mar 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Being the largest Gospel in the New Testament, Luke has a lot to say about Jesus as the Son of God. Does Luke agree with Mark that Jesus is the messianic human Son of God, rejected and killed for God's purposes, or does Luke make the title "Son of God" out to refer to a preexistent divine being who became human? This episode will look at Jesus' birth and childhood to see how "Son of God" is defined by Luke.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_SWX2Af6uu-JbdfdVFiFEWhsLzMc4mLJwz0eV71iCjo/edit?usp=sharing

057: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Mark? (Part 2 of 2)

Thu, 28 Feb 2019 04:30:00 -0400

What sort of information can be gained by examining Jesus' dialogues with the unclean spirits--those who know that he is the Son of God? Does Jesus calling himself the "beloved son" in the Parable of the Wicked Tenants make him a preexistent being? What should be made of Jesus' admission of ignorance concerning the day and hour of the second coming? These questions will be answered as we continue to explore what the title "Son of God" means in the Gospel of Mark.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/12x0h95fUmC3Jrz71qaYDIfE2_U_UFiEprbqLHRCw9EM/edit?usp=sharing

056: What Does "Son of God" Mean in Mark? (Part 1 of 2)

Thu, 21 Feb 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Does the title "Son of God" refer to a preexistent being who became human in Jesus? Does "Son of God" refer to the second person of the Godhead? The earliest New Testament gospel, Mark, does not seem to think so. Rather, Mark teaches that Jesus is the royal Son of God who suffers and dies as God's authorized and highly empowered human Messiah.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dHEI58uhHAL5bI1FtKxmW5cdH6z_FTUXLcnkxK-WAZA/edit?usp=sharing

055: The Israelite King and High Human Christology (Part 4 of 4)

Thu, 14 Feb 2019 04:30:00 -0400

In this episode, we note how the human Israelite kings from the line of David are called "mighty god", share in God's shepherding prerogatives, are invested with God's own name, and can be described as one who is "like God." If all of these things can be said of fully human kings, then this has considerable implications for how we interpret New Testament christology where the very same empowerments are bestowed upon Jesus, the human Messiah.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1v7sHZ1DmREgGEqxrD8oh8QBNzMfYIRSw2CxTwNfvL8k/edit?usp=sharing

054: The Israelite King and High Human Christology (Part 3 of 4)

Thu, 07 Feb 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Our exploration of how the Hebrew Bible depicts God investing his authority, attributes, and prerogatives into the human Israelite king continues with a survey of Psalm 89 and 1 Chronicles 29. In these passages, the human king possesses unique empowerment from God, receives worship, and even rules on the throne of Yahweh. We then turn to the New Testament to note that the human Jesus is portrayed with the very same empowerment from the only true God without infringing upon monotheism, culminating in a high human Christology.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r_jDqjEauW7_KD4hAw2AfNSiH3sxDuA-0YkY1-QexmE/edit?usp=sharing

053: The Israelite King and High Human Christology (Part 2 of 4)

Thu, 31 Jan 2019 04:30:00 -0400

This episode examines Psalm 72 in its portrayal of the human Israelite king--a king empowered with God's own prerogatives and judgments. This human king is worshiped, acts as a savior, and even possesses a name that preexisted the daytime sun. Each of these points finds parallels in the NT Gospels in their portrayal of King Jesus, a human being empowered by the one true God in a manner consistent with what might be called a "high human Christology."

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UmWHcftgE0fhwt0vywC_ybDOM1v7_QWV_WkV5D98uvk/edit?usp=sharing

052: The Israelite King and High Human Christology (Part 1 of 4)

Thu, 24 Jan 2019 04:30:00 -0400

In what ways can a study of the various human kings of Israel within the Old Testament help understand the four Gospels' portrayal of Jesus, the human king of God's kingdom? In this episode, we will begin by examining Psalms 2 and 45, noting how these human Israelite kings were highly invested and empowered by God in ways that parallel the high human christology of the New Testament.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1sL23AE60cATTKJPpXp_mU96bKKukUpsCJTecnyH_eLQ/edit?usp=sharing

051: Elisha and High Human Christology

Thu, 17 Jan 2019 04:30:00 -0400

The lesser-known prophet Elisha is depicted in 2 Kings as an extraordinarily empowered human being, possessing control over nature, the ability to extend his human presence, and even summoning the heavenly host to his disposal. If Elisha was a divinely empowered human being, what does it mean when the four New Testament Gospels depict Jesus Christ with the same miracles and authority? Answer: Jesus is also bearing a high human status.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ywjF-WDy5ljMnlpuKApETOT1844C8CrXo60A2vFHlKY/edit?usp=sharing

050: Elijah and High Human Christology

Thu, 10 Jan 2019 04:30:00 -0400

Like the human beings Adam and Moses, the prophet Elijah shared in God's unique attributes, glory, and prerogatives. If Elijah was a divinely empowered human being who controlled nature, gave life, and shared in God's glory, then we should not be surprised when the four New Testament Gospels portray Jesus Christ as a human being sharing the same empowerment.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oqH1VJSwqJ82qAWMQLu06XLWUIOMCqwgjMXvou6O1gc/edit?usp=sharing

049: Moses and High Human Christology

Thu, 03 Jan 2019 04:30:00 -0400

In what ways does Moses function as God's agent by bearing God's unique attributes and prerogatives? Moses is called "God," Moses shares in God's actions, and Moses even bears God's glory upon his unveiled face. The New Testament Gospels also depict the human Jesus as empowered with God's name, sharing in God's actions, and bearing a glorified face, resulting in a high human christology.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1dEMzvMYTMePrgXkAi9jd0t-3IHTxh0nFlp7PimvFJhY/edit?usp=sharing

048: Adam and High Human Christology

Thu, 27 Dec 2018 04:30:00 -0400

What is the best way of understanding the four Gospels as they depict the human Jesus sharing in divine attributes belonging to God alone? This episode examines three portrayals of the primordial human being Adam, who is regularly depicted as also sharing God's unique traits and attributes. Understanding how Jews regarded Adam's relationship with God helps us better interpret how the Gospels portray the human Jesus in exalted terms.

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1zqOSBM39HhMKNq3q7xxV52d3VOj_f6d48iAQPUE4OQQ/edit?usp=sharing

047: Anti-imperial Christology in Philippians (Part 3)

Thu, 20 Dec 2018 04:30:00 -0400

As we continue our study into Paul's depiction of Christ in Phil 2:5-11, we note further examples where Caesar is subverted. Rome's harmonious peace is called into question with the exaltation of Jesus and his newly acquired authority. The authoritative titles "Augustus" and "Father of the Fatherland" are also subverted when the Father's authoritative name is bestowed upon Jesus. Lastly, Jesus acts as the moral example for the people to follow, which significantly contrasts Caesar's example.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1uLySMYRavjnHTEQfpXml5ClP5Gjp1RTCsKV84sIxddg/edit?usp=sharing

046: Anti-imperial Christology in Philippians (Part 2)

Thu, 13 Dec 2018 04:30:00 -0400

This episode sets out to explore the important christological passage of Phil 2:5-11 to see if it also subverts the claims of Rome and her emperors. Would Paul's depiction of Jesus have been heard as offensive to those loyal to Caesar and his empire? I think so, and I think Paul intended that his argument be subversive.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j1O2IzUHeate-Iofj5XKCxTJe8pDF78z-XTIuSk3Yfs/edit?usp=sharing

045: Anti-imperial Christology in Philippians (Part 1)

Thu, 06 Dec 2018 04:30:00 -0400

In Philippians 3:20-21, Paul regards Jesus as the true savior and lord, deliberately drawing his readers away from their loyalties to Caesar, to whom these titles were widely given. How else does Paul laud the risen Jesus Christ while simultaneously subverting the Roman emperor in this passage? This episode offers some answers to this important question.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ZeamksE_ab7W7Ckqs2P1XHxkac2UUtb1hHKe90AYSUI/edit?usp=sharing

044: Anti-imperial Christology in 1 Thessalonians (Part 2 of 2)

Thu, 29 Nov 2018 04:30:00 -0400

This episode observes how 1 Thessalonians underscores Jesus' lordship in opposition to the lordship of Caesar. The Christian gospel opposed the gospel of Caesar, and Paul demanded his converts turn away from participation in the imperial cult in favor of monotheism and messianism

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KgajgXp6C23YkxDsNlNiWlL-NzQKeKeT2iEpPalBGoc/edit?usp=sharing

043: Anti-imperial Christology in 1 Thessalonians (Part 1)

Thu, 22 Nov 2018 04:30:00 -0400

In what sort of ways did Paul's preaching in Thessalonica subvert the imperial claims about Caesar? In this first installment of a two-part series, we will examine some of the ways in which the Lord Jesus Christ upstages the Lord Caesar Nero in 1 Thessalonians.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1owue9pZXncb2Y_h3ww21uPCVXZC-tJ7vRjBH-BF-Rgg/edit?usp=sharing

042: Anti-imperial Christology in Romans

Thu, 15 Nov 2018 04:30:00 -0400

How were the claims about the person and work of Jesus Christ understood in the Roman Empire where Caesar was widely worshipped as the "son of God," "Lord," and the bringer of peace to the kingdom? Could Jesus be the exalted Lord and Caesar be the Lord at the same time? This episode seeks to examine how Paul described Jesus to his Roman audience, asking if Paul openly subverted the political claims of the Roman imperial cult.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qSFs3oTYOpcHNShgbwWbECxa0OxchYWEceX4SV_eX1Y/edit?usp=sharing

041: Adam Christology in Hebrews

Thu, 08 Nov 2018 04:30:00 -0400

Having examined the Adam Christology in Paul's letters, we can now explore how this theology functioned in the argument of Hebrews. For the unknown author of Hebrews, Jesus the Messiah was an authentic member of the human race, perfected by the sufferings of death, exalted above all things, and acts as the current high priest.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/16gvLBF2tu7PMZMR34a5_7SupiXWRCy63Sjm4YOVJNF8/edit?usp=sharing

040: Paul’s Adam Christology in Philippians

Thu, 01 Nov 2018 05:30:00 -0300

While Adam Christology is clearly apparent in Paul's letters to the Romans and 1 Corinthians, what can we say about its presence in Philippians? This episode explores the possibility that the Christ-hymn of Phil. 2:5-11 evokes allusions and echoes to Adam in such as way as to highlight Christ's distinctive person, work, and humanity.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1TvX4tcoB2t608X5sFhYK2dmybhZ5UpkIe6jvTuYdsZ8/edit?usp=sharing

039: Paul’s Adam Christology in 1 Corinthians

Thu, 25 Oct 2018 05:30:00 -0300

1 Corinthians sheds much light on how Paul understood Jesus as the Second Adam. Not only does Paul define Jesus as an authentic human being who represents the new humanity, but Paul also regards the Jesus and Adam pair as having salvific and eschatological significance.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mP1qOwVokRi9A9lnH4jWoJ7pvISN4-KBxuqcsP_0e9M/edit?usp=sharing

038: Paul’s Adam Christology in Romans

Thu, 18 Oct 2018 05:30:00 -0300

The Apostle Paul describes Jesus as the "second Adam". What does this term mean for Paul's christology and how does it relate to whether Jesus consciously preexisted his birth? This episode explores Paul's well-integrated theology of Jesus as the "second Adam" in the Letter to the Romans.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/11NlSD2RrQjKW9m0o48l45kp8hexW0ZrUNxt5RSyyejs/edit?usp=sharing

037: Matthew’s Theology and Purpose in Calling Jesus “Emmanuel”

Thu, 11 Oct 2018 05:30:00 -0300

What exactly does Matthew intend for his readers to understand with the reference to Jesus being ‘God with us’? Does this mean that Jesus was to be explicitly equated with the Lord God or is Matthew’s argument more nuanced and developed? This episode seeks to examine the theology and purpose of Jesus being called “Emmanuel” within the Gospel of Matthew.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kq6bn1VExCn20w82lJZqvvo5XYcpmmHpLiHig4xWbwE/edit?usp=sharing

036: Agency and God’s Agents in the New Testament

Thu, 04 Oct 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Since it is clear that God often invested his name, authority, attributes, and rule into human beings and angels within the Old Testament, does the same phenomenon appear in the New Testament? This episode explores how God indeed continues to invest and empower human agents--especially Jesus Christ--with these traits, without losing his oneness or threatening monotheism.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1j2iGticVauLZuw1gNLUvulv1GLB4qsMvcTvG79sJEEE/edit?usp=sharing

035: Agency and God’s Agents in the Old Testament

Thu, 27 Sep 2018 05:30:00 -0300

God regularly uses qualified human agents to carry forth his will and deeds on earth. How much authority do these agents have? What does it mean when God invests his rule and attributes in his agents? This episode seeks to examine God and his agents in the Old Testament as a preview of how God sends and authorizes Jesus.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1rLwZgYDz8YA1x0yAAUy0uxyr8pMiNgq9g9Jm3p_ReMM/edit?usp=sharing

034: Off the Script Thoughts on Jesus’ Humanity

Thu, 20 Sep 2018 05:30:00 -0300

In a more casual episode, I wanted to freely think out loud about the relevance of Jesus as a human being, the original function of human beings as image-bearers, how Jesus goes about reflecting God's love, goodness, and just rule, and how Jesus is an example to me personally.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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033: Jesus, the Prophet Like Moses

Thu, 13 Sep 2018 05:30:00 -0300

One of the most unfamiliar titles and vocations attributed to Jesus Christ within the New Testament is that he is "the Prophet", or "the Prophet like Moses". What is the significance of this title for understanding who Jesus is and his origins? The key lies in Deut. 18:15-19. This episode seems to explore the importance of this oft-neglected designation for Jesus.

Subscribe for free on iTunes: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-biblical-unitarian-podcast/id1347983887

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1YcmHTCyD-lN0XPGRNT9xLLdGU6I_P-m7eEXHmX9CmIo/edit?usp=sharing

032: “Let Us Make Man” and Other Passages with Plural Pronouns

Thu, 06 Sep 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Despite the 25,000 grammatical references to God being a single person within Scripture, some readers are more persuaded by a handful of verses where God speaks in the first person plural. One of these passages is the famous Genesis 1:26. This episode explores these rare "us" texts and concludes that they most likely refer to God speaking with his angelic court (and are thereby not a threat to God's unitary monotheism). In regard to Gen. 1:26, I currently am persuaded that this passage exhibits the plural of majesty, a grammatically intensive plural.

If you are interested in the evidence for the plural of majesty in the Hebrew Bible, see this presentation: https://youtu.be/1SK2XHEUC9g?si=br-ZjnqpOh_kYP-N

To support the Biblical Unitarian Podcast, donate here: https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ySfv25Stbj_iQ7OcJZQ_wIlfZCuYdpDzcGRmE9FCRFc/edit?usp=sharing

031: The Ascending and Descending Son of Man in John’s Gospel

Thu, 30 Aug 2018 05:30:00 -0300

What does the Gospel of John mean when it twice argues that the Son of Man "ascended" and "descended" from heaven? Does this mean that the Son of Man preexisted in heaven, or is there something else intended? This episode seeks to unravel and answer these complex questions.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Xi76QiLyvnGxepV_MckpG6GMuqBJQKASY_vWa94RYIc/edit?usp=sharing

030: Honest Talk about John 1:1

Thu, 23 Aug 2018 05:30:00 -0300

This episode will examine John 1:1, just a single verse, to within an inch of its life. The study draws readers back to Genesis, notes the importance of Hebrew poetry, and even quotes scholars on a critical point of grammar.

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Notes: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1axzjGEsVzZZKziGfAJUlyxC4yMg4i2XdzHktK-JJxbM/edit?usp=sharing

029: Does Paul Call Jesus ’God’ in Romans 9:5?

Thu, 16 Aug 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Romans 9:5 is grammatically ambiguous in the Greek. Is the passage calling Christ according to the flesh "over all God" or is God the Father described as the one who is "over all" in an independent doxology? This episode looks at several considerations in order to solve this grammatical ambiguity, concluding at the end that Paul does not call Christ "God" in Rom. 9:5.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

- https://docs.google.com/document/d/16flEOSMpjcgjK4FXaEXGhfdNQdW9s3cz8a87sLo85g8/edit?usp=sharing

028: Jewish Preexistence, Both In and Out of the Bible

Thu, 09 Aug 2018 05:30:00 -0300

The New Testament, among many of its seemingly complicated christologies, exhibits influence from Jewish ideas of preexistence--the theology regarding certain important persons, places, and things that preexisted within God's plans and purposes. This episode explores the ways in which the New Testament texts were impacted by Jewish understandings of notional preexistence.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1phDt3ndkyN1LjLLQlZ79wfFM0S33cqguNDUvATL7XL0/edit?usp=sharing

027: Differences between God and Jesus Christ

Thu, 02 Aug 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Although it is a common belief that God the Father and the Son of God are coequal, there appear to be explicit differences between these two figures. This episode sets out seven of these differences from Scripture in order to encourage further conversation on this issue. It is concluded that Jesus' authentic humanity is the primary reason why he is not coequal with God the Father.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

- https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jiA98PXTJzsYNucMA2xmad9M0Y6btA22uEVOaxfAxuE/edit?usp=sharing

026: Wisdom Christology Throughout the Gospel of John

Thu, 26 Jul 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Having already observed that the opening Prologue of the Gospel of John is a poem of Wisdom Christology, we turn in this episode to see how the rest of the book depicts Jesus as the incarnation of personified wisdom. In fact, there are over a dozen instances where Jesus within the Gospel of John is described in terms echoing Lady Wisdom. John's Gospel appears to be the best example in the New Testament of Wisdom Christology, and this episode details why that is in fact the case.

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Notes:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1D-sL60-YKUYgBBsWvquHuY3daknPXSktfncIIsQ4JPU/edit

025: Wisdom Christology in the Prologue of John’s Gospel

Thu, 19 Jul 2018 05:30:00 -0300

John's Gospel begins with an eighteen-verse Prologue where Jesus is depicted as the incarnation/embodiment of God's creative and powerful word. However, it is demonstrated in this episode that the echoes of Lady Wisdom, rather than the personified word, would have been more clearly evident by the earliest readers of the Gospel of John. This episode notes the evidence for Wisdom Christology in John 1:1-18.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

- https://docs.google.com/document/d/1MbSEBpJw4AWOm-bpheRBNHsVf2kocZvpnxXQKPqQNvg/edit

024: Wisdom Christology in the Book of Hebrews

Thu, 12 Jul 2018 05:30:00 -0300

As we continue our journey through the New Testament, we arrive at the Book of Hebrews. Within the first three verses of this sermon, there appear to be four statements about Christ that have their origins in descriptions of Lady Wisdom, specifically from the book Wisdom of Solomon. For the author of Hebrews, the risen and exalted Son of God is the fullest embodiment of God's Wisdom so that things formerly said about this Wisdom figure can now be attributed to Jesus.

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To view the notes from this episode please click the link below:

- https://docs.google.com/document/d/1G_9-TmOWC5Ra0wRVlJNVSF63lmW7u0ahDymkAtXYMnE/edit?usp=sharing

023: Wisdom Christology in the Gospel of Matthew

Thu, 05 Jul 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Within our ongoing study of Wisdom Christology within the New Testament, we move to examine the Gospel of Matthew. Within this ancient biography of the human Jesus, we observe five passages where Jesus is portrayed in terms of personified Lady Wisdom. In particular, the author took the roles, characteristics, and functions of Wisdom and reapplied them to Jesus. For the Gospel of Matthew, just like 1 Corinthians and Colossians before it, Jesus Christ is the fullest embodiment of God's personified Wisdom, making him the locus of God's wise teaching and interaction with his creation.

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022: Wisdom Christology in Colossians

Thu, 28 Jun 2018 05:30:00 -0300

In our continued study of Wisdom Christology throughout the New Testament, we arrive at the Epistle to the Colossians. Within this letter, the famous hymn about Christ in Col. 1:15-20 lavishly praises the accomplishments of Jesus in light of things formerly said about Lady Wisdom (without implying that Jesus consciously preexisted his birth). Furthermore, Colossians repeatedly depicts Christlike behavior as wise teaching and wisdom from God.

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021: Wisdom Christology in 1 Corinthians

Thu, 21 Jun 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Having already examined Proverbs, Sirach, and Philo depicting God's Wisdom as a personified female figure embodied into human beings, we now turn to the New Testament. In this episode, we look at Paul's first letter to the Corinthians where Jesus is also depicted as the human embodiment of Lady Wisdom, specifically in light of his death, resurrection, and exaltation.

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020: The Origins of Wisdom Christology in Sirach and Philo

Thu, 14 Jun 2018 05:30:00 -0300

The theology exhibited in Proverbs wherein Lady Wisdom can be embodied into human beings was influential with other Jewish writers before the New Testament was written. This episode aims to lay that foundation by looking at the Book of Sirach and the writings of Philo. Both Sirach and Philo continue the argument from Proverbs by depicting God's Wisdom, personified as a female figure, as becoming incarnate in the human figures Simon the High Priest and Sarah, Abraham's wife. This indicates that the language of the Word becoming flesh in John 1:14 is not saying something new, but rather continuing a thoroughly Jewish way of portraying the incarnation of God's personified attributes.

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019: The Origins of Wisdom Christology in the Book of Proverbs

Thu, 07 Jun 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Modern scholars have observed that many New Testament authors depict Jesus in light of Lady Wisdom (i.e., God's wise interaction with and instruction to his creation). However, most casual readers of the Bible seem to be unaware of what this 'Wisdom Christology' actually is. This episode seeks to examine the origins of Wisdom Christology by studying the Book of Proverbs, where astute readers will note that Lady Wisdom is embodied/incarnate into human beings in chapter thirty-one.

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018: John 1 and the Genesis Creation

Thu, 31 May 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Despite the dominant scholarly consensus, there is a vocal minority on social media insisting that John 1:1 is not pointing back to the Genesis creation, but instead is referring to the beginning of Jesus' evangelistic ministry of preaching the Logos as gospel. This episode seeks to create a conversation with this minority perspective by noting what appears to be the fairly obvious literary and theological connections between John chapter one and Genesis chapter one.

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017: Should Christians Pray to Jesus?

Thu, 24 May 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Does the New Testament depict believers praying/offering prayers to Jesus? You might be surprised at the answer. This episode seeks to honestly assess how the New Testament uses 'prayer language' for Jesus and concludes by offering a model on the biblical way to appropriately direct prayers.

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016: Practical Applications of Biblical Unitarianism

Thu, 17 May 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Does it even matter what we believe about who God is and who Jesus is? Some say that it does; others say that it doesn't. In this episode, we explore three practical applications taught in Scripture regarding Biblical Unitarian theology, one of which is highly controversial.

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015: Should Christians Worship Jesus?

Thu, 10 May 2018 05:30:00 -0300

If Jesus is worshiped in the Bible, does that prove that he is God? Not necessarily. This episode will examine how the Bible depicts worship offered to human figures and then note the difference between the worship offered to God and the worship offered to Christ.

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014: An Introduction to Preexistence within the Bible

Thu, 03 May 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Many of the debates about Jesus' identity revolve around how one understands the nature of 'preexistence' within the Bible. This episode sets out to introduce the basics of how preexistence was understood and taught by the various biblical authors. We will explore how Jesus was regarded within God's plans/mind and how the New Testament authors understood Jesus as the current embodiment of God's personified Wisdom and Word.

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013: The Christ Hymn in Philippians 2

Thu, 26 Apr 2018 05:30:00 -0300

What are we to make of the controversial passage of Phil. 2:5-11? This episode attempts to explain the nuances of the passage by highlighting Paul's allusions to Adam, Isaiah's Suffering Servant, and even to Emperor Nero. Furthermore, we show that the Philippians passage is actually an ethical argument for Christians to live in humility and obedience to God, just as Christ demonstrated during his earthly life.

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012: The Bible’s Use of "God" Language for Human Beings

Thu, 19 Apr 2018 05:30:00 -0300

How are we to responsibly interpret the fact that the Bible both calls certain exceptional human beings "God" and insists that there is only one true God? The answer lies in the fact that the true God can invest his authority into certain human beings as his representatives, such as a prophet, a judge, and even a royal king. This connection appears to be the most prudent way to understand Jesus being called "God," despite being the human Messiah.

011: The Exalted Status of the Resurrected Jesus

Thu, 12 Apr 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Why does it seem that the most exalted praises are given to Jesus after his resurrection? Is the risen Jesus equal in status and rank with God the Father? How should we interpret the fact that God has titles and Jesus is often addressed with those very same titles? This episode seeks to answer these questions by looking at the exaltation of the human Jesus.

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010: The Crucifixion of the Human Jesus

Thu, 05 Apr 2018 05:30:00 -0300

What does the New Testament teach about Jesus' death that has implications for biblical Christology? Did Jesus completely die or did he only partially die? Does that New Testament teach that God died on the cross? These questions will be answered in this week's episode dealing with Jesus' death.

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009: Jesus has a God

Thu, 29 Mar 2018 05:30:00 -0300

Did Jesus have a God? This might sound like a strange question to some, but Jesus stated on multiple occasions that he did indeed has a God above him. The God of Jesus is also addressed as "my Father" many times in the New Testament. This episode will examine how Jesus understood the Father as 'his God' and will examine how Jesus acted in subordination to God the Father.

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008: Jesus as God’s Agent in the Gospels

Thu, 22 Mar 2018 05:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we explore the principle of agency wherein a sent agent fully represents the one who sent him. We demonstrate that this understanding of agency was practically taken for granted within the first-century Jewish world and note how Jesus operates as God's authoritatively sent agent. Since Jesus is God's agent, Jesus can exercise divine prerogatives, speaks God's words, and fully represent God without compromising monotheism.

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007: The Humanity of Jesus in the Gospels

Thu, 15 Mar 2018 05:30:00 -0300

In this episode, we examine how the four New Testament Gospel accounts portray Jesus as a human figure. Do Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John call Jesus a "human being?" Is Jesus portrayed as omniscient in the manner that Yahweh is omniscient? Do the four Gospels describe Jesus as growing in understanding, as one who learns, or even as one who has limited knowledge as all human beings possess? This episode seeks to answer these questions as we continue to explore what the Bible has to say about Jesus Christ, the human Messiah.

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006: The Birth of Jesus in Romans-Revelation

Thu, 08 Mar 2018 04:30:00 -0400

We continue our discussion of how the New Testament authors describe the birth of Jesus. We examine this in this episode how Romans, Galatians, 2 Timothy, Hebrews, 1 John, and Revelation describe Jesus' birth and origins, namely as a human figure descending from the family lines of Abraham, Judah, Jesse, and King David.

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005: The Birth of Jesus According to Matthew and Luke

Thu, 01 Mar 2018 04:30:00 -0400

This episode seeks to answer whether Jesus was "begotten" (brought into existence) or not. Both Matthew and Luke offer birth narratives and lengthy genealogies wherein Jesus' birth is described in detail. Luke, having also authored the Book of Acts, offers his thoughts on Jesus' origins in both documents, so we will explore both his Gospel and Acts in this episode.

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004: The Human Jesus Anticipated in the Old Testament (3/3)

Thu, 22 Feb 2018 04:30:00 -0400

This episode continues our exploration throughout the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) in which we observe how the Messiah was expected to be of the line of David, thus making him an authentic human figure. The Old Testament has a lot to say about the coming Son of David, especially within the Psalms and the Prophets. As the Son of David, Jesus exists as the climactic and long-awaited human descendant, and Jesus being a human figure is one of the central points of Biblical Unitarianism.

This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast will give you plenty to talk about as you begin conversations with others on these critically important topics of faith and theology.

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003: The Human Jesus Anticipated in the Old Testament (2/3)

Fri, 09 Feb 2018 16:40:00 -0400

The Old Testament regards the coming messianic figure to be of the line of King David, clearly making him a human being (as David was). In fact, there are so many passages repeating and expounding this "Son of David" theology that it will require two episodes of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast to cover them all, and those are just the ones within the Old Testament.

If the Messiah was to descend from the line of King David, then he would be both an authentic human figure as well as one who was distinct from Israel's God, Yahweh. Our discussion on the Messiah as a descendant of David will surely give you something to talk about with your friends and family as it pertains to Jesus' identity and vocation.

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002: The Human Jesus Anticipated in the Old Testament (1/3)

Fri, 09 Feb 2018 16:34:00 -0400

In the first century C.E., Jesus was recognized by his followers as the "Messiah," a title denoting the anointed king of the kingdom in whom all of Israel's theology would find their climax. This office of Messiah came with a set of qualifications (i.e., job descriptions), and these qualifications are set out within the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible).

This episode of the Biblical Unitarian Podcast begins to survey the qualifications of the Messiah set out within the Old Testament, finding primarily that the passages that various Jewish groups drew upon to characterize the anticipated Messiah seem to regard this figure as an authentic human being. We hope that this episode encourages you to dust off your Old Testament so that you can start some healthy conversations regarding the important topic of Jesus Christ's identity.

001: God is One Person

Fri, 09 Feb 2018 16:28:00 -0400

One of the major truth claims of Biblical Unitarians is that the God of the Bible is a single person (rather than a multi-personal God taught within binitarian and trinitarian faiths). This episode begins to scratch the surface of the massive amount of biblical data that demonstrates that God is a single person. We survey a variety of texts, both in the Old Testament (Hebrew Bible) and within the New Testament.

We particularly note how Jesus Christ himself taught on multiple occasions this very truth, namely that God is one person. We hope that this episode helps you start conversations with your friends and family regarding this massively important subject.

000: About This Podcast

Fri, 09 Feb 2018 16:21:00 -0400

"What is a Biblical Unitarian?" In this introductory episode, we set the scope for the Biblical Unitarian Podcast. In doing so, we define what a Biblical Unitarian is, what BUs believe, and the response we are attempting to produce among our listeners. Biblical Unitarians regard the God of the Bible to be a single, undivided person. They also recognize that the Bible teaches that Jesus Christ was a human being who did not literally preexist his birth in any way. These episodes are aimed to start cordial conversations and to get people talking intelligently about who God is and who Jesus is.

Please consider supporting this Podcast and future projects by donating at:

- https://www.paypal.me/10mintruthtalks

Check out some of my videos on YouTube at:

- https://www.youtube.com/user/biblicalunitarian